Morphological and Physiological Framework Underlying Plant Longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Wang, Yukun; Kumaishi, Kie; Suzuki, Takamasa; Ichihashi, Yasunori; Yamaguchi, Nobutoshi; Shirakawa, Makoto; Ito, Toshiro

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.600726

Cited by 21 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Thus, physical changes in the IM mirror the discrete stages of inflorescence arrest we have identified. Our results are consistent with recent work which shows the same decline in IM size over inflorescence lifetime [22], but provide a more refined time-sequence and more nuanced results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Most studies have viewed inflorescence arrest as resulting from the arrest of the inflorescence meristem (IM) itself [19,20,21]. Certainly the IM does undergo a regulated arrest toward end-of-flowering, before entering a quiescent ‘dormancy-like’ state [20] and then undergoing a gradual senescence [22]. It is also the case that extending the activity of the IM through genetic manipulations in key regulatory genes such as FRUITFULL can delay overall inflorescence arrest [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokinin signalling regulates two-stage inflorescence arrest in Arabidopsis

Walker

Ware

Šimura

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To maximise their reproductive success, flowering plants must correctly time their entry into and exit from the reproductive phase (flowering). While much is known about the mechanisms that regulate the initiation of flowering, the regulation of end-of-flowering remains largely uncharacterised. End-of-flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana consists of the quasi-synchronous arrest of individual inflorescences, but it is unclear how this arrest is correctly timed with respect to environmental stimuli and ongoing reproductive success. Here we show that Arabidopsis inflorescence arrest is a complex developmental phenomenon which includes a decline in size and cessation of activity in the inflorescence meristem (IM), coupled with a separable developmental arrest in all unopened floral primordia (floral arrest); these events occur well before the visible arrest of the inflorescence. We show that global removal of inflorescences can delay both IM arrest and floral arrest, but that local fruit removal only delays floral arrest, emphasising the separability of these processes. We test a role for cytokinin in regulating inflorescence arrest, and find that cytokinin treatment can delay arrest. We further show that gain-of-function cytokinin receptor hypersensitive mutants can delay floral arrest, and also IM arrest, depending on the expression pattern of the receptor; conversely, loss-of-function mutants prevent extension of flowering in response to inflorescence removal. Collectively, our data suggest that the dilution of cytokinin among an increasing number of sink organs leads to end-of-flowering in Arabidopsis by triggering IM and floral arrest, conversely meaning that a lack of reproductive success can homeostatically extend flowering in compensation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin signalling regulates two-stage inflorescence arrest in Arabidopsis

Walker

Ware

Šimura

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Reverse-transcription PCR was performed using PrimeScript TM RT Master Mix (Takara, Japan). Quantitative RT-PCR was applied as described previously ( Wang et al, 2020 ). Arabidopsis PP2A was used as the internal reference.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Devernalization Inducer by Chemical Screening Approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2021

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Vernalization is the promotion of flowering after prolonged exposure to cold. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization induces epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). The repressive epigenetic mark trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 proteins (H3K27me3) is a critical contributor to the epigenetic silencing of FLC. Interestingly, the deposited H3K27me3 in the FLC locus can be erased by short-term high-temperature treatment. This is referred to as devernalization. In this study, we identified a novel chemical compound, 4-Isoxazolecarboxylic acid, 3,5-dimethyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-isoxazole carboxylic acid 1-methyl-2-oxoethyl ester named as DEVERNALIZER01 (DVR01), which induces devernalization in Arabidopsis seedlings, by an FLC-luciferase reporter-based high-throughput screening assay. DVR01 decreased the amount of H3K27me3 in the FLC locus in vernalized plants, resulting in the upregulation of FLC in the whole plant, including the vasculature and meristem, where FLC represses floral induction genes. We also showed that a 2-week treatment with DVR01 reverted plants with a vernalized status back to a fully non-vernalized status. Collectively, this study provides a novel structure of DVR01, which modulates devernalization via demethylation of H3K27me3 in the FLC locus.

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“…Plant stem cells are harbored in shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which play essential roles in growth and development. Over the past decade, multiple works have shown the molecular mechanisms of stem cell maintenance [ 1 , 2 ]. In Arabidopsis thaliana , WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) constitute a negative feedback loop to maintain the homeostasis of the stem cell population [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously observed the senescence phenomenon in shoot stem cells and specified that the final fate of shoot stem cells undergoes a developmental PCD (dPCD) process [ 2 ]. In addition, we pointed out that shoot stem cell dPCD is associated with the expression of ROS-related genes [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species in the Shoot Apex Contribute to Stem Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana

Wang

Shirakawa

Ito

2022

IJMS

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In monocarpic plants, stem cells are fated to die. However, the potential mechanism of stem cell death has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that the levels of two forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion free radical (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), show dynamic changes in the shoot apex during the plant life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the level of O2·− decreased and disappeared at four weeks after bolting (WAB), while H2O2 appeared at 3 WAB and showed a burst at 5 WAB. The timing of dynamic changes in O2·− and H2O2 was delayed for approximately three weeks in clv3-2, which has a longer lifespan. Moreover, exogenous application of H2O2 inhibited the expression of the stem cell determinant WUSCHEL (WUS) and promoted the expression of the developmentally programmed cell death (dPCD) marker gene ORESARA 1 (ORE1). These results indicate that H2O2 triggers an important signal inducing dPCD in stem cells. Given that O2·− plays roles in maintaining WUS expression and stem cell activity, we speculate that the dynamic shift from O2·− to H2O2 in the shoot apex results in stem cell death. Our findings provide novel insights for understanding ROS-mediated regulation during plant stem cell death.

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Morphological and Physiological Framework Underlying Plant Longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Cytokinin signalling regulates two-stage inflorescence arrest in Arabidopsis

Cytokinin signalling regulates two-stage inflorescence arrest in Arabidopsis

Identification of a Devernalization Inducer by Chemical Screening Approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana

Dynamic Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species in the Shoot Apex Contribute to Stem Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana

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