Morphologic Expression of the Left Coronary Artery in Pigs. An approach in relation to human heart.

Abstract

215Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc | Braz J Cardiovasc Surg Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2014;29(2):214-20Gómez FA & Ballesteros LE -Morphologic expression of the left coronary artery in pigs. An approach in relation to human heart LCA in pigs have been conducted with small samples and are limited to qualitative descriptions [2,3,9] . The importance of the study of the LCA in pigs lies in the utilization of this species as an experimental model for cardiovascular surgery, hemodynamics, and for compared anatomy teaching -learning processes [3,9,11] . Similarly, given the large similarity existing between the hearts of humans and pigs, this work intends to enrich the knowledge on the coronary circulation in pigs to improve the applications using this animal species. METHODSThis cross-over descriptive study assessed the LCA of 158 hearts of commercial stock pigs (Pietrain, Landrace Belga and Large White mixed breeds) destined to sacrifice with a mean age of 5 months, obtained from the Vijagual Refrigerating Plant of Bucaramanga -Colombia. The organs were subjected to an exsanguination process in a water source for 6 hours. After the LCA was marked with a silk suture at its origin, it was catheterized through its ostium and perfused with polyester resin (80% palatal GP41L and 20% styrene) impregnated with red mineral. Then, the hearts were subjected to a partial corrosion process with a 15% KOH (potassium hydroxide) in order to remove the subepicardial fat located at the interventricular and atrioventricular sulci.The diameters of the LCA and its branches were measured at their origins using a digital caliper (Mitutoyo ® ); lengths were determined, and the finalization of the AIA was typified at the lower third of the anterior interventricular sulcus, at the apex, or at the posterior aspect of the heart. Similarly, the finalization of the CXA was assessed at the obtuse margin of the heart, at the posterior aspect of the left ventricle, at the crux cordis, or at the posterior interventricular sulcus. The branches anterosuperior (ASB) and LMB were characterized

Morphological characterization of the coronary arteries in African sheep (Ovis orientalis). Differential analysis with those of humans and other animal species

“…The observation of most PIB ending at the cardiac apex (58%), as observed in this work, is consistent with what has been reported in elephants, rhino, pigs and humans [4,10,16,27,29,33]. In humans, short-haired sheep and pigs, the PIB has a larger calibre of the SIB.…”

“…In the present study, similarity was found that, in humans the calibre of the PIB is lower than in the pig and higher than in the white rhino (Table 2) [4,16,29].…”

“…Similarly, a trifurcation of the LCA has been reported in the white rhino [29]. Some studies in pigs report the bifurcation of the LCA in all of the specimens [11,33], while in other studies, trifurcation has been reported in 20% [16]. In humans, bifurcation of the LCA has been reported in 40% to 70%, trifurcation in 9% to 55% and tetrafurcation in 5% to 7% [4,26].…”

“…The length of the LCA in sheep has been reported as 6 mm [12,24]. In humans, the length of the LCA is 6 to 15 mm [4,26,37], 3.5 to 5 mm in pigs [16,33] and of 4 mm in white rhinos [29]. In humans, pigs and horses the LCA has been shown to be larger in calibre than the RCA, a morphometric trait that is consistent with our findings in short-haired sheep, whereas in the white rhino it has been reported that both CA are similar in size [4,6,15,16,26,29,33,35,37].…”

Effect of the stop-flow technique on cardiac retention of c-kit positive human cardiac stem cells after intracoronary infusion in a porcine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy

“…5). This observation can be accounted for by the fact that, in the pig, an accessory arterial branch originating from the distal LAD supplies the apical portions of the right ventricle [7,22]. Radioactivity measurements of noncardiac organs indicated that the highest deposition of CSCs after intracoronary infusion is in the lungs followed by liver, kidneys, and spleen.…”