Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells and hematologic and plasma biochemical reference ranges in green iguanas

Harr, Kendal E.; Alleman, A. Rick; Dennis, Patricia M.; Maxwell, Lara K.; Lock, Brad; Bennett, R. Avery; Jacobson, Elliott R.

doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.915

Cited by 126 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Values from this study are similar to values in nesting leatherback turtles, cholesterol (7.58 mmol/l6 1.89) and triglyceride (4.65 mmol/l6 0.40; Deem et al, 2006), but differs from previously published cholesterol (2.74 mmol/l) and triglyceride (0.98 mmol/l) values for free-ranging foraging loggerhead juvenile and adult turtles (Bolten et al, 1992), values similar to the foraging loggerheads in this study. The higher total protein, albumin, and globulin values for nesting females is also compatible with the reproductive state of turtles in this behavior (Harr et al, 2001;Campbell, 2004).…”

Section: Deem Et Al-blood Values In Loggerhead Turtlessupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Additionally, the significantly lower total protein levels in these stranded turtles also supports a debilitated state associated with malnutrition, parasitism, a protein-losing disease, or a multifactorial condition. In contrast, the nesting females had high protein levels, likely a reflection of their egg laying activity as seen in a number of reptile species (Harr et al, 2001;Campbell, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Blood Values in Foraging, Nesting, and Stranded Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta Caretta) Along the Coast of Georgia, Usa

Deem

Norton

Mitchell

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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161

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ABSTRACT:The health status of 83 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta; 39 foraging, 31 nesting, and 13 stranded turtles) was analyzed using physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma protein electrophoresis, and toxicologic parameters. Significant differences were noted in a number of health parameters between turtles exhibiting each of these behaviors. On physical examinations, stranded turtles had the highest prevalence of heavy carapace epibiont loads, miscellaneous abnormalities, emaciation, and weakness. Differences in hematologic values included a lower packed cell volume, higher number of lymphocytes, and lower number of monocytes in stranded turtles; lower white blood cell counts in foraging turtles; and significant differences in total solid values among turtles exhibiting all behaviors with the lowest values in stranded turtles and the highest values in nesting turtles. Differences in plasma biochemistry values included the highest uric acid, creatine kinase, and CO 2 values in stranded turtles; the highest glucose and potassium values in foraging turtles; and the highest cholesterol and triglyceride values, and lowest alanine aminotransferase, in nesting turtles. Differences in total protein, albumin, and globulin were found using plasma biochemistry values, with lowest values in stranded turtles and highest values in nesting females, whereas differences in blood urea nitrogen between turtles included the lowest values in nesting turtles and the highest in foraging turtles. Plasma organochlorine and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were below their limits of quantification in the 39 foraging, 11 nesting, and three stranded turtles tested. A statistically significant difference was noted in the level of whole blood mercury between the 23 foraging and 12 nesting turtles tested. There was no difference in arsenic or lead levels between turtles exhibiting any of the three behaviors. Although a few limitations exist with the present study and include unknown ambient temperatures, turtle handling times that varied from 15 min to 53 min per turtle, and the use of a different laboratory for processing complete blood counts and plasma biochemistries in stranded versus foraging and nesting turtles, we provide baseline blood values for two cohorts (foraging and nesting) of loggerhead sea turtles on the coast of Georgia. Additionally, we demonstrate significant differences in clinical findings and blood parameters between foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles in the region.

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Section: Deem Et Al-blood Values In Loggerhead Turtlessupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Blood Values in Foraging, Nesting, and Stranded Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta Caretta) Along the Coast of Georgia, Usa

Deem

Norton

Mitchell

et al. 2009

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Self Cite

161

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since most variables (95%) did not meet the assumption of normality, nonparametric statistics were used to determine the reference interval for each variable (Carlson-Bremer et al, 2010). The reference intervals therefore represent the central 95% interval bounded by the 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles (Harr et al, 2001). Nonparametric methods were also used to assess statistical differences between species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Health Parameters and Species Comparisons Among Free-Ranging Atlantic Sharpnose (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae), Bonnethead (Sphyrna Tiburo), and Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Sharks in Georgia, Florida, and Washington, Usa

Haman

Norton

Thomas

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Sharks are of commercial, research, conservation, and exhibition importance but we know little regarding health parameters and population status for many species. Here we present health indicators and species comparisons for adults of three common wild-caught species: 30 Atlantic sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) and 31 bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) from the western Atlantic, and 30 spiny dogfish sharks (Squalus acanthias) from the eastern Pacific. All animals were captured during June-July 2009 and 2010. Median values and preliminary reference intervals were calculated for hematology, plasma biochemistry, trace nutrients, and vitamin A, E, and D concentrations. Significant differences, attributable to physiologic differences among the species, were found in the basic hematologic and plasma biochemistry variables. Significant species differences in arsenic and selenium plasma concentrations were found and appear to coincide with diet and habitat variability among these three species. Vitamin E was significantly higher in the bonnethead shark, again related to the foraging ecology and ingestion of plant material by this species. The Atlantic sharpnose had significantly higher vitamin A concentrations, supported by the higher proportion of teleosts in the diet. Vitamin D was below the limit of quantification in all three species. These preliminary reference intervals for health variables can be used to assess and monitor the population health and serve as indicators of nutritional status in these populations of wild elasmobranchs.

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“…All haematological and biochemical parameters remained within the physiological range of healthy individuals (Harr et al, 2001;Knotek et al, 2002;Pejrilova et al, 2004;Knotkova et al, 2005). The lower concentration of haemoglobin, PCV and RBC could be explained by haemodynamic changes and re-distribution of blood cellular elements in the vascular bed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…When evaluating anaesthetics in reptiles it is good to check blood parameters which characterize the inner environment and its state in the species being studied. There is sufficient data on haematological and biochemical profiles both in healthy green iguanas and clinical patients Bruder, 1998;Harr et al, 2001;Knotek et al, 2002;Pejrilova, et al, 2004;Knotkova et al, 2005). The aim of this study was to evaluate selected blood parameters during short-term anaesthesia with propofol in the green iguana (Iguana iguana rhinolopha).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood profile in green iguanas after short-term anaesthesia with propofol

Knotková¹,

Knotek²,

Trnková³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Blood haematology and plasma chemistry profiles were examined in a group of ten 17 months-old green iguanas two minutes before propofol administration (10 mg/kg of body weight) and two minutes after recovery from anaesthesia. The induction time was very short (35.50 ± 22.54 s), the recovery time was 21.50 ± 7.44 minutes. At five and fifteen minutes of anaesthesia there was a considerable drop in the heart rate. The most marked drop, however, was noted during the tenth minute. Following the administration of propofol green iguanas showed marked changes in the respiratory frequency that were not accompanied by any changes in the levels of SpO2. RBC (1.06 ± 0.08 vs. 1.21 ± 0.06 1012/l) were decreased with a high significance (P < 0.01) two minutes after recovery from the propofol anaesthesia. At the same time there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of haemoglobin concentration (76.70 ± 13.39 vs. 83.73 ± 9.24 g/l) and PCV (0.34 ± 0.04 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04 l/l) as well as a significant (P < 0.05) increase of WBC (7.95 ± 3.38 vs. 5.20 ± 2.52 109/l), heterophils (3.14 ± 1.48 vs. 1.43 ± 0.43 109/l) and basophils (0.60 ± 0.53 vs. 0.23 ± 0.17 109/l). The following parameters increased two minutes after anaesthesia with a high significance (P < 0.01): plasma concentration of total protein (55.12 ± 5.94 vs. 49.02 ± 3.54 g/l), uric acid (231.07 ± 77.69 vs. 157.58 ± 60.58 µmol/l), AST (1.23 ± 0.52 vs. 0.67 ± 0.34 µkat/l), TAG (3.37 ± 1.11 vs. 1.48 ± 0.78 mmol/l), phosphorus (2.29 ± 0.38 vs. 1.85 ± 0.35 mmol/l). The increase in plasma calcium levels (3.51 ± 0.11 vs. 3.21 ± 0.23 mmol/l) was significant at the level of P < 0.05. All the measured values were within the reference range of healthy green iguanas.

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Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells and hematologic and plasma biochemical reference ranges in green iguanas

Cited by 126 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of Blood Values in Foraging, Nesting, and Stranded Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta Caretta) Along the Coast of Georgia, Usa

Comparison of Blood Values in Foraging, Nesting, and Stranded Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta Caretta) Along the Coast of Georgia, Usa

Baseline Health Parameters and Species Comparisons Among Free-Ranging Atlantic Sharpnose (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae), Bonnethead (Sphyrna Tiburo), and Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias) Sharks in Georgia, Florida, and Washington, Usa

Blood profile in green iguanas after short-term anaesthesia with propofol

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