Morpho-Functional Alterations in the Gills of a Seawater Teleost, the Ornate Wrasse (Thalassoma pavo L.), after Short-Term Exposure to Chlorpyrifos

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus insecticide commonly used for domestic and agricultural purposes. The risk posed by environmental contamination from CPF is well acknowledged, and it has been detected worldwide in aquatic habitats and coastal areas. In addition, due to its slower degradation in seawater compared to freshwater, CPF is of particular concern for marine environments. Here, we investigated for the first time the morpho-functional alterations induced by CPF on the gills of Thalassoma pavo, a widespread species in the Mediterranean Sea. We tested the effects of two sublethal concentrations (4 and 8 µg/L) after 48 and 96 h. Our study demonstrates that the alterations induced by CPF are dose and time-dependent and highlight the harmful properties of this insecticide. After exposure to the low tested concentration, the more frequent alteration is an intense proliferation of the primary epithelium, whereas after exposure to the high concentration, the primary epithelium proliferation is less extensive, and the most evident effects are the thinning of secondary lamellae and the ectopia of chloride and goblet cells. CPF also modulated the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase. Dilation of lamellar apical tips, pillar cell degeneration, and appearance of aneurysms are often observed.

Histopathological Alterations of the Gill, Liver and Idney of the Fish Catla Catla (Hamilton) Exposed to Dichlorvos 76% Ec (Nuvan)

“…Padmini et al (2021) reported in the fish Channa gachuva due to the present studied toxicant Dichlorvos in sublethal concentration for 30 days, Juan et al (2021) in the fish Solea senegalentis due to Malathion too had an impact of the gill architectural damage. Rachale et al (2020) in the sea water fish, Thallassoma pavu to 96h exposure only (a short term) of chlorpyrifos as toxicant, scattering of globlet cells apart from the severe damage of the tissue as in the present study reported which impair the respiration, the important physiological process. Kadam and Patl (2019) in the fish Channa gachua due to exposure of Dichlorvos in lethal concentration (Duration of the experiment was 96h only) and similar changes as alterations were reported as in the present study.…”

Urtica dioica Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity in Zebrafish Larvae

“…The edema formation in embryos reported in the larvae exposed to CPF could be explained by osmoregulation failure associated with gill damage. Indeed, many studies have substantiated the highly toxic effect of CPF on gill cells across various species [ 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”