“…Later, an alternative optimizer is evolutionary algorithms due to the fact they are robust, simple to use, derivative-free, and free from intermediate pseudo densities [8]. Complicated problems, such as partial topology, simultaneous topology, shape, and sizing optimization, can be performed within one optimization run [3,8,16,17] by using such algorithms. In this paper [8], they presented the comparative performance of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) for solving structural topology optimization test problems based on ground element filtering technique.…”