Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Dietary Inclusion Differentially Modulates the Antioxidant, Inflammatory, and Histopathological Responses of Normal and Aeromonas hydrophila-Infected Mono-Sex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

This study aimed to detect the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf powder dietary inclusion on the antioxidant and innate immune responses of mono-sex Nile tilapia fingerlings. A total of 180 fingerlings were allocated in a random method into three groups with triplicate each. One group (1st group) received the control diet (basal diet (BD) free of moringa) and the other groups (2nd and 3rd) fed BD containing M. oleifera leaf powder at 5 and 10% of the diet, respectively. After 6 weeks of feeding, fish were randomly redistributed into four replicates and rested for 24 h. Then, each fish in the first two replicates was injected with 0.2 mL of PBS, while the others were injected with 0.2 mL of A. hydrophila suspension (1.8 × 106 CFU/mL). Healthy fish fed on M. oleifera leaf powder showed enhanced immune response manifested by significant increases in phagocytic and lysozyme activities with a marked H/L ratio (P < 0.05). In addition, significant alterations of the lymphocytic and heterophilic population in circulation with increasing infiltration in tissue such as the spleen were noticed. Also, M. oleifera significantly upregulated the antioxidants, CAT and GPx, proinflammatory cytokines, IL1-β, IL-8, and IFN-γ relative mRNA levels. On the other hand, following A. hydrophila challenging conditions, M. oleifera caused downregulations of IL1-β, IL-8, and IFN-γ transcription levels, and also lowered the CAT and GPx mRNA levels. In addition, a marked reduction of leukocytic infiltration plus a significant improvement of the degenerative changes in intestinal architecture has occurred. So, M. oleifera leaf powder can be included in the fish diet to enhance immune response under normal health conditions and lower the infection-associated inflammatory response.

The oral protective efficacy of magnolol against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii infection via enhancing anti‐inflammatory ability in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

“…These results demonstrated that magnolol could reduce the excessive inflammation caused by A. hydrophila and A. veronii by enhancing the host anti‐inflammatory response. EI‐Kassas et al (2022) also found that feeding Nile tilapia with a diet containing Moringa oleifera leaf powder can lower the infection‐associated inflammatory response.…”

Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and growth-promoting activities of dietary fermented Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) with in-vivo protection against Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Our results clearly indicated that the moringa' immunomodulation in Nile tilapia was dose-dependent and affected by fermentation. Higher M. oleifera concentrations have been previously found to decrease phagocytic activity [ 62 ]. This agrees with our results, as increased levels of M. oleifera beyond the 5% level have a negative effect on the overall health status, producing an immunosuppressive effect on the host, as observed in the MO 10% treated group.…”

Dietary Moringa oleifera mitigates Fluconazole-Induced immunological and spleen-histological alterations in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

“…So recently, many studies have focused on using new alternative techniques which safer for the health of people, animals, and environment to minimize or replace antibiotics. One of these alternatives is medicinal plants and bacteria [ 10 – 13 ]. These medicinal plants are economical and have effective compounds that improve fish immunological responses and to enhance fish growth and general health [ 10 , 14 – 16 ].…”

“…One of these alternatives is medicinal plants and bacteria [ 10 – 13 ]. These medicinal plants are economical and have effective compounds that improve fish immunological responses and to enhance fish growth and general health [ 10 , 14 – 16 ]. Leaf extracts from medicinal plants have been applied in several attempts to offer antioxidant protection and detoxification to fish living in contaminated environments [ 17 , 18 ].…”