Morfologia e morfometria da traqueia da preguiça (Bradypus variegatus): conhecimentos para procedimentos de emergência

Abstract

As the sloth (Bradypus variegatus) is a little studied species, especially from a morphological point of view, this research aimed to define the anatomy of its trachea. The information would facilitate the selection of a proper endotracheal tube, laryngeal mask or tracheostomy tube for anesthesia and emergency procedures, since it appeared to have a special morphology. Eleven young animals of different ages were investigated, four males and seven females, obtained from the Emilio Goeldi Museum and donated to UFRA. The specimens were infused intramuscularly with 10% aqueous formaldehyde for preservation and were later dissected at the cervico-thoracic level, by mesoscopia, exposing the area from the larynx to the right and left primary bronchi at the hilum. The tracheae were divided into five regions (cervical, first flexure, second flexure, third flexure, and carina) for which length and width were measured, as well as the total tracheal length. Sharp windings were seen in the middle caudal portion, including the carina. The average tracheal length was 14.6 cm. Microscopically, the trachea was made up of separate plates of hyaline cartilage forming each ring, lined with ciliated epithelium. Despite the trachea of the common sloth displaying the same lining pattern found in other animals, there are no reports in the literature of other species having a macroscopic morphology as described here, which leads us to suggest, where appropriate access to emergency ventilation, the practice of IOT and not tracheostomy.

Morfologia da traqueia e lobação pulmonar de Leopardus pardalis (jaguatirica)

“…Nos seus aspectos macroscópicos a traqueia de Leopardus pardalis é similar a das espécies de animais silvestres como Sapajus apela (Leonel et al 2013), Nasua nasua , Saimiri sciureus (Pinheiro et al 2012) e carnívoros domésticos (Dyce et al 2010), diferindo de Bradypus variegatus (Faro et al 2015) que apresentava sinuosida des em sua porção médio caudal. A quantidade de anéis e comprimento traqueal variou entre os espécimes estudados, assim como em Didelphis sp. )…”

“…A quantidade de anéis e comprimento traqueal variou entre os espécimes estudados, assim como em Didelphis sp. ) e B. variegatus (Faro et al 2015). Segundo Getty (1986), a traqueia do cão tem uma variação de 42 a 46 anéis traqueais, enquanto a dos gatos possue entre 38 a 43.…”

“…Nos aspectos microscópicos a traqueia diferiu em relação ao seu epitélio, que se mostrou não ciliado, as demais estruturas constituintes dos órgãos eram similares a Bradypus variegatus (Faro et al 2015), N. nasua , Cricetomys gambianus (Ibe et al 2011) e Vulpes vulpes (Moussa & Hassan 2015). Em relação às constrições nos arcos de cartilagens não foi encontrada na literatura nenhuma informação referente a esta característica.…”

Morphological features of lower respiratory tract of nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, Linnaeus, 1758)

“…According to Shea (2003), the number of cartilage rings is different in terrestrial mammals, depending on the length of the trachea. Our study revealed that, in the nine‐banded armadillos, the trachea has an average of 30 rings, with a maximum length of 4.5 cm, consisting of incomplete cartilaginous rings; in laziness, the average is 100 rings (Faro et al., 2015); in coatis, an average of 34 cartilage rings were found (Cesar et al., 2012). In ruminants, there are between 48 and 60 cartilage rings (Dyce et al, 2010).…”

“…In the common sloth, there is an absence of cracks in the lobes, in which only the right and left lungs can be observed (FARO et al., 2015). In the giant anteater, the right lung is formed by four lobes, which are cranial, middle, caudal and accessory, and the left lung is divided into cranial and caudal lobes.…”