Montenegro's skin reactions and antibodies against different Leishmania species in dogs from a visceral leishmaniosis endemic area

Baleeiro, C.O.; Paranhos-Silva, Moacir; Santos, Juliana C. dos; Oliveira, Geraldo G. S.; Nascimento, Eliane G.; Carvalho, Lidiane dos Santos; dos-Santos, Washington L. C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.033

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…These serum tests were performed in accordance with manufacturer instructions. An in-house ELISA, with crude L. infantum antigen was also performed as previously described [39], [40]. Parasitological evaluation was performed by culturing part of the splenic aspirate collected during necropsy in Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle (NNN) biphasic medium supplemented with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS – Gibco BRL, New York, USA) and 100 µg/mL gentamicin to avoid contamination (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) for four weeks at 24°C [41].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Accuracy of Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Using Latent Class Analysis

et al. 2014

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Host tissues affected by Leishmania infantum have differing degrees of parasitism. Previously, the use of different biological tissues to detect L. infantum DNA in dogs has provided variable results. The present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of molecular diagnostic testing (qPCR) in dogs from an endemic area for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) by determining which tissue type provided the highest rate of parasite DNA detection. Fifty-one symptomatic dogs were tested for CVL using serological, parasitological and molecular methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed for accuracy evaluation of these methods. qPCR detected parasite DNA in 100% of these animals from at least one of the following tissues: splenic and bone marrow aspirates, lymph node and skin fragments, blood and conjunctival swabs. Using latent variable as gold standard, the qPCR achieved a sensitivity of 95.8% (CI 90.4–100) in splenic aspirate; 79.2% (CI 68–90.3) in lymph nodes; 77.3% (CI 64.5–90.1) in skin; 75% (CI 63.1–86.9) in blood; 50% (CI 30–70) in bone marrow; 37.5% (CI 24.2–50.8) in left-eye; and 29.2% (CI 16.7–41.6) in right-eye conjunctival swabs. The accuracy of qPCR using splenic aspirates was further evaluated in a random larger sample (n = 800), collected from dogs during a prevalence study. The specificity achieved by qPCR was 76.7% (CI 73.7–79.6) for splenic aspirates obtained from the greater sample. The sensitivity accomplished by this technique was 95% (CI 93.5–96.5) that was higher than those obtained for the other diagnostic tests and was similar to that observed in the smaller sampling study. This confirms that the splenic aspirate is the most effective type of tissue for detecting L. infantum infection. Additionally, we demonstrated that LCA could be used to generate a suitable gold standard for comparative CVL testing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Accuracy of Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Using Latent Class Analysis

et al. 2014

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“…Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes were generated from the MHOM/BR2000/Merivaldo2 strain and maintained as described. 38 Total parasite lysate was obtained by sonication of log-phase parasites and its protein content was quantified by using the Bradford method before use in enzyme-linked…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Novel Leishmania infantum Recombinant Proteins Encoded by Genes from Five Families with Distinct Capacities for Serodiagnosis of Canine and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

Oliveira¹,

Magalhães²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Cell‐mediated immunity is of paramount importance for the defence against intracellular pathogens like Leishmania , 9,17 and has been studied with the aid of the leishmanin skin test and a lymphocyte proliferation test in response to parasitic antigens. The former is an in vivo test that provokes a delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction to individuals with strong Leishmania ‐specific cell‐mediated immunity; results are frequently positive in resistant dogs and negative or weakly positive in susceptible dogs 83,84,120–127 . In the same way, lymphocytes from resistant dogs may proliferate in vitro in response to parasitic antigens, whereas weak or no responses are recorded in susceptible animals 53,83,120,122,126,128–132 .…”

Section: Immunology Of Canine Leishmaniosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniosis: epidemiologic and diagnostic implications

Saridomichelakis

2009

Veterinary Dermatology

115

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Canine leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum (Syn. L. chagasi) is an important zoonosis with a complex pathogenesis. Parasite transmission occurs via female sandflies that inject promastigotes into the skin of the host. The interaction between the parasite and skin immune system is influenced by the repeated infectious bites and the simultaneous intradermal injection of sandfly saliva. Amastigotes are transported via infected macrophages to the regional lymph nodes and finally dissemination may occur. The outcome of the infection depends on host factors (genetic background, cell-mediated and humoral immune response, cytokine milieu, concurrent diseases) and parasite virulence. Resistance may be breed-associated; it is characterized by low to undetectable antibody production and effective cell-mediated immunity, and is orchestrated by cytokines such as interleukin-2, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Susceptibility may be genetically determined or acquired (advanced age, concurrent diseases); in these dogs, parasite multiplication goes unrestricted and overproduction of specific and nonspecific antibodies occurs, leading to multiple organ pathology. Resistance or susceptibility is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon and many intermediate phenotypes may be found. From a diagnostic point of view, although clinical cases are readily identified using microscopy and serology, investigation should not stop at this point and an extensive search for underlying diseases is advised, especially in aged dogs. Conversely, microscopy and conventional serology are frequently negative in asymptomatic infected dogs; to identify such dogs, polymerase chain reaction, evaluation of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation test to Leishmania antigen, and Western blotting may be employed.

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Montenegro's skin reactions and antibodies against different Leishmania species in dogs from a visceral leishmaniosis endemic area

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluating the Accuracy of Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Using Latent Class Analysis

Evaluating the Accuracy of Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Using Latent Class Analysis

Characterization of Novel Leishmania infantum Recombinant Proteins Encoded by Genes from Five Families with Distinct Capacities for Serodiagnosis of Canine and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

Advances in the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniosis: epidemiologic and diagnostic implications

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