Monovision: a review

Abstract

In presbyopia, patients can no longer obtain clear vision at distance and near. Monovision is a method of correcting presbyopia where one eye is focussed for distance vision and the other for near. Monovision is a fairly common method of correcting presbyopia with contact lenses and has received renewed interest with the increase in refractive surgery. The present paper is a review of the literature on monovision. The success rate of monovision in adapted contact lens wearers is 59-67%. The main limitations are problems with suppressing the blurred image when driving at night and the need for a third focal length, for example with computer screens at intermediate distances.Stereopsis is impaired in monovision, but most patients do not seem to notice this. These limitations highlight the need to take account of occupational factors. Monovision could cause a binocular vision anomaly to decompensate, so the pre-fitting screening should include an assessment of orthoptic function. Various methods have been used to determine which eye should be given the distance vision contact lens and the literature on tests of ocular dominance is reviewed. It is concluded that tests of blur suppression are most likely to be relevant, but that ocular dominance is not fixed but is rather a fluid, adaptive, phenomenon in most patients. Suitable patients can often be given trial lenses that allow them to experiment with monovision in real world situations and this can be a useful way of revealing the preferred eye for each distance. Of course, no patient should drive or operate machinery until successfully adapted to monovision. Surgically induced monovision is less easily reversed than contact lens-induced monovision, and is only appropriate after a successful trial of monovision with contact lenses.

Ultrahigh field MRI determination of water diffusion rates in ex vivo human lenses of different age

“…We also observed an increased appearance of lens yellowing with age up to a light brown in the oldest lenses. These findings were already described and caused by accumulation of the fluorogen glutathione-3-hydroxy kynurenine glycoside (40,41). Axial lens thickness and equatorial lens diameters of isolated human lenses increased with age in our examinations.…”

Ultrahigh field MRI determination of water diffusion rates in ex vivo human lenses of different age

“…We also observed an increased appearance of lens yellowing with age up to a light brown in the oldest lenses. These findings were already described and caused by accumulation of the fluorogen glutathione-3-hydroxy kynurenine glycoside (40,41). Axial lens thickness and equatorial lens diameters of isolated human lenses increased with age in our examinations.…”

Ocular Dominance Stability and Reading Skill: A Controversial Relationship

“…Furthermore, there were problems in consistency. Although a strong link was found between sighting tests (confirming previous studies 12,48,49 ; for a review, see ref. 24) consistency among motor tests was lacking: neither sidedness nor stability of dominance was consistent when measured with different motor tests.…”

Binocular Vision of Bilaterally Pseudophakic Eyes with Induced Astigmatism

“…5D to F). Similar deterioration in stereo performance has also been observed with increasing magnitude of interocular difference in contrast 22Y24 and spherical anisometropia 25,34 and with increasing interocular difference of HOAs after refractive surgery. 27 In addition, stereoacuity also depended on the orientation of astigmatism in the two eyes (Fig.…”

Ultrahigh field MRI determination of water diffusion rates in ex vivo human lenses of different age

“…We also observed an increased appearance of lens yellowing with age up to a light brown in the oldest lenses. These findings were already described and caused by accumulation of the fluorogen glutathione-3-hydroxy kynurenine glycoside (40,41). Axial lens thickness and equatorial lens diameters of isolated human lenses increased with age in our examinations.…”

Ocular Dominance Stability and Reading Skill: A Controversial Relationship

“…Furthermore, there were problems in consistency. Although a strong link was found between sighting tests (confirming previous studies 12,48,49 ; for a review, see ref. 24) consistency among motor tests was lacking: neither sidedness nor stability of dominance was consistent when measured with different motor tests.…”

Binocular Vision of Bilaterally Pseudophakic Eyes with Induced Astigmatism

“…5D to F). Similar deterioration in stereo performance has also been observed with increasing magnitude of interocular difference in contrast 22Y24 and spherical anisometropia 25,34 and with increasing interocular difference of HOAs after refractive surgery. 27 In addition, stereoacuity also depended on the orientation of astigmatism in the two eyes (Fig.…”

Ultrahigh field MRI determination of water diffusion rates in ex vivo human lenses of different age

“…We also observed an increased appearance of lens yellowing with age up to a light brown in the oldest lenses. These findings were already described and caused by accumulation of the fluorogen glutathione-3-hydroxy kynurenine glycoside (40,41). Axial lens thickness and equatorial lens diameters of isolated human lenses increased with age in our examinations.…”

Ocular Dominance Stability and Reading Skill: A Controversial Relationship

“…Furthermore, there were problems in consistency. Although a strong link was found between sighting tests (confirming previous studies 12,48,49 ; for a review, see ref. 24) consistency among motor tests was lacking: neither sidedness nor stability of dominance was consistent when measured with different motor tests.…”

Binocular Vision of Bilaterally Pseudophakic Eyes with Induced Astigmatism

“…5D to F). Similar deterioration in stereo performance has also been observed with increasing magnitude of interocular difference in contrast 22Y24 and spherical anisometropia 25,34 and with increasing interocular difference of HOAs after refractive surgery. 27 In addition, stereoacuity also depended on the orientation of astigmatism in the two eyes (Fig.…”