Monocytes as accessory cells in fish immune responses

The Impact of a Successful Anti-Myxosporean Treatment on the Phagocyte Functions of Juvenile and Adult Sparus Aurata L

“…The close interplay between the pathogens and fish immune system is accomplished by phagocytes, the first line of cells mediating host defence mechanisms (3). To this end, we tried to assess the impact of pharmacological manipulation on the host's innate immunity after successful treatment.…”

“…Fish immune reaction to parasites relies on the development of an efficient innate immune response, as adaptive immune mechanisms in poikilotherms manifest a rather slow onset and limited repertoire (1)(2). Thus, macrophages and granulocytes have a prominent role in phagocytosis of pathogens as well as in the production ofreactive intermediates (3). Myxosporeans are the most common parasites affecting intensively cultivated fish in the Mediterranean basin, inducing a broad spectrum of unthreaded diseases determined by the parasite species, host sensitivity, and environmental and feeding conditions (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…Until today, the use of fumagillin-DCH, a natural product ofAspergillus fumigatus, or TNP-470, an analogue of fumagillin, has given promising results in the control of myxosporean parasites in several fish species (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Some studies have suggested that fumagillin has substantial toxic side effects including reduction in weight gain, decrease in haemopoitic tissues cellularity, impaired resistance to disease and mortality of treated fish (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

The Immune System Drugs in Fish: Immune Function, Immunoassay, Drugs

“…These cells are probably the single most important cell in the immune response in fish. Not only are they important in the production of cytokines, but they also are the primary cells involved in phagocytosis and the killing of pathogens upon first recognition and subsequent infection (Buonocore & Scapigliati, 2009;Cabezas, 2006;Clem et al, 1985;Garcia-Ayala & Chaves-Pozo, 2009;Secombes et al, 2001;Shoemarker et al, 2001). Macrophages also play major roles as being the primary antigen-presenting cell in teleost, thus linking the non-specific and acquired immune response (Balfry & Higgs, 2001;Galindo-Villegas & Hosokowa, 2004;Jimeno, 2008;Shoemarker et al, 2001;Vallejo et al, 1992).…”

Resposta Imune Inespecífica De Animais Ectotérmicos Antárticos Sob Temperaturas Polares

“…Assim, está hoje estabelecido o papel central que os macrófagos desempenham na inflamação, na resistência natural às infecções, na eliminação de substâncias e células alteradas como lipoproteínas, hemácias e células neoplásicas, na embriogênese e no envelhecimento para citar apenas alguns exemplos (Clem et al 1985, Donaldson & Mahan 1988, Em invertebrados, o volume de dados sobre a fagocitose é ínfimo, quando comparado com as publicações de dados para os mamíferos. Recentemente encontramos boas revisões comparativas das células circulantes (incluindo fagócitos) (Ratcliffe & Rowley 1981, Rowley & Ratcliffe 1988, que compara a estrutura com a função das mesmas.…”