Monobutyrin Reduces Liver Cholesterol and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Nguyen, Tinh; Prykhodko, Olena; Hållenius, Frida Fåk; Nyman, Margareta

doi:10.3390/nu11020308

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…One group of conventional rats (C) given the pure high-fat diet was also included in the experiment to be able to compare effects between ApoE-/-rats and conventional rats. The dose of MB and MV chosen was based on our previous results [14][15][16]. Lard was used as the only fat source in the high-fat diet regimen, while rapeseed oil was the fat source in the low-fat diet.…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were measured in the tail vein, portal vein serum, and aortic plasma, using commercial kits from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Middletown, OH, USA). Total cholesterol and TG in the liver were analyzed, following a low-toxic lipid extraction procedure [21], as previously applied [16].…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intestinal in vivo permeability test in rats was conducted by measuring the absorption of lactulose and mannitol according to Meddings and Gibbons [22,23], as previously described [16]. Concentrations of lactulose and mannitol quantitatively collected in urine were analyzed with the EnzyChromTM Intestinal Permeability Assay Kit (EIPM-100) from BioAssay System (Hayward, CA, USA).…”

Section: Intestinal In Vivo Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

et al. 2020

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Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/- rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (1%), for 5 weeks. One group of conventional rats (C) was also fed the pure high-fat diet and another group of ApoE-/- rats a low-fat (LF) diet. Blood and liver lipids, urinary lactulose/mannitol, SCFAs (blood and brain), tight junction proteins (small intestine and brain), and inflammation-related markers (blood, brain, and liver) were analyzed. MV supplementation elevated serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and valeric acid concentration (p < 0.05), while the amounts of isovaleric acid in the brain were reduced (p < 0.05). MB increased butyric acid amounts in the brain, while the plasma concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was lowered (p < 0.05). Both MV and MB upregulated the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MB or MV affected HDL cholesterol, the expression of tight junction proteins, and SCFA profiles. MB and MV may therefore be promising supplements to attenuate lipid metabolic disorders caused by high-fat intake and genetic deficiency.

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Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal In Vivo Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

et al. 2020

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“…In the present work, both lactulose and mannitol excretion increased in trained rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. In pre-clinical and clinical studies, high urinary excretion of both probes is indicative of the leaky gut syndrome (26,27). It is suggested that during maximum exercise, the blood is shunted away from the viscera, and splanchnic blood flow can decrease by as much as 80% (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alanyl-glutamine protects the intestinal barrier function in trained rats against the impact of acute exhaustive exercise

Freitas

Silva

et al. 2020

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Strenuous exercise triggers deleterious effects on the intestinal epithelium, but their mechanisms are still uncertain. Here, we investigated whether a prolonged training and an additional exhaustive training protocol alter intestinal permeability and the putative effect of alanyl-glutamine (AG) pretreatment in this condition. Rats were allocated into 5 different groups: 1) sedentary; 2 and 3) trained (50 min per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks) with or without 6 weeks oral (1.5 g/kg) AG supplementation; 4 and 5) trained and subjected to an additional exhaustive test protocol with or without oral AG supplementation. Venous blood samples were collected to determine gasometrical indices at the end of the 12-week protocol or after exhaustive test. Lactate and glucose levels were determined before, during, and after the exhaustive test. Ileum tissue collected after all experimental procedures was used for gene expression analysis of Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-2, and oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT-1). Intestinal permeability was assessed by urinary lactulose/mannitol test collected after the 12-week protocol or the exhaustive test. The exhaustive test decreased pH and base excess and increased pCO 2. Training sessions delayed exhaustion time and reduced the changes in blood glucose and lactate levels. Trained rats exhibited upregulation of PEPT-1, ZO-1, and occludin mRNA, which were partially protected by AG. Exhaustive exercise induced intestinal paracellular leakage associated with the upregulation of claudin-2, a phenomenon protected by AG treatment. Thus, AG partially prevented intestinal training adaptations but also blocked paracellular leakage during exhaustive exercise involving claudin-2 and occludin gene expression.

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“…Thus, the rectification of gut dysbiosis has become a promising strategy to treat obesity by drug or nutritional intervention [7]. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main fermentation metabolites of probiotic bacteria such as butyric acid, have been shown to reduce HFD-induced metabolic disorders and inflammation [8]. Different fibres as prebiotics give rise to different amounts and patterns of the main SCFAs: Acetic, propionic and butyric acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Abdominal Fat Depots Reduced by Butyric Acid-Producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides

et al. 2020

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The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated rece ptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is known to induce the differentiation of adipocytes. This study aimed to investigate the probiotic effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PPAR-γ activation and abdominal fat depots. Incubation of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with media of L. mesenteroides EH-1, a butyric acid-producing strain, significantly reduced the amounts of lipid droplets. The oral administration of L. mesenteroides EH-1 produced large amounts (>1 mM) of butyric acid in cecum and attenuated the HFD-induced upregulation of PPAR-γ and accumulation of abdominal fats in mice. The combination of 2% glucose with L. mesenteroides EH-1 increased the production of butyric acid and potentiated the probiotic activity of L. mesenteroides EH-1 against the formation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as abdominal fats in HFD-fed mice. The inhibition of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) by its antagonist, GLPG-0974, markedly diminished the probiotic effects of L. mesenteroides EH-1 plus glucose on the suppression of HFD-induced PPAR-γ and abdominal fats. Besides demonstrating the probiotic value of L. mesenteroides EH-1, our results highlight the possible therapy targeting the butyric acid-activated Ffar2 pathway to reduce abdominal fats.

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Monobutyrin Reduces Liver Cholesterol and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Alanyl-glutamine protects the intestinal barrier function in trained rats against the impact of acute exhaustive exercise

Mouse Abdominal Fat Depots Reduced by Butyric Acid-Producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides

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