Monkeypox virus phylogenetic similarities between a human case detected in Cameroon in 2018 and the 2017-2018 outbreak in Nigeria

Sadeuh-Mba, Serge Alain; Yonga, Martial; Els, M.C.; Batéjat, Christophe; Eyangoh, Sara; Caro, Valérie; Etoundi, Alain; Carniel, Élisabeth; Njouom, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.006

Cited by 58 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Given the close phylogenetic relationship identified between the Cameroonian (for the 2018 strain) and Nigerian isolates, the close geographical proximity of the affected regions and the absence of human cases in Cameroon since 1989, the origin of this isolate is likely an import from Nigeria (West Africa). However, as also suggested by the authors, the hypothesis of a natural circulation within Cameroon cannot be completely ruled out 12 . Monkeypox cases caused by the West African clade of MPXV have recently been identified outside of the African continent 13 , 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In the past two decades, Congo Basin MPXVs have primarily affected two Central African countries, the DRC and the Central African Republic (CAR), at a growing case rate 3 , 9 – 11 . In 2018, monkeypox human cases were also reported in western Cameroon 12 , near the border with the Nigeria. The sequence of the ATI gene (639 bp) was obtained from one of these cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Berthet

Descorps-Declère

Besombes

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

111

108

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Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease, which has a clinical presentation similar to smallpox. In the two past decades, Central Africa has seen an increase in the frequency of cases, with many monkeypox virus (MPXV) isolates detected in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). To date, no complete MPXV viral genome has been published from the human cases identified in the CAR. The objective of this study was to sequence the full genome of 10 MPXV isolates collected during the CAR epidemics between 2001 and 2018 in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships among MPXV lineages previously described in Central Africa and West Africa. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the 10 CAR isolates belong to three lineages closely related to those found in DRC. The phylogenetic pattern shows that all of them emerged in the rainforest block of the Congo Basin. Since most human index cases in CAR occurred at the northern edge of western and eastern rainforests, transmissions from wild animals living in the rainforest is the most probable hypothesis. In addition, molecular dating estimates suggest that periods of intense political instability resulting in population movements within the country often associated also with increased poverty may have led to more frequent contact with host wild animals. The CAR socio-economic situation, armed conflicts and ecological disturbances will likely incite populations to interact more and more with wild animals and thus increase the risk of zoonotic spillover.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Berthet

Descorps-Declère

Besombes

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

111

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Indirect MPXV diagnosis may arise if IgM and IgG antibodies are present in an unvaccinated individual with a history of rash and severe illness. However, none of these methods is specific for MPX [43,44,46,58,71,74] and can indicate the presence of other OPV species. IgM can be used to assess MPX infection in an individual with prior history of smallpox vaccination [75].…”

Section: Immunological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory droplets and contact with body fluids, contaminated patient's environment or items, skin lesion of an infected person have been found to be associated with inter-human transmission. Congo Basin clade (Central Africa clade) is reported to be more virulent than West Africa clade and thereby contributes more to inter-human transmission [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Animal-to-human transmission, which is also known as zoonotic transmission, occurs via direct contact with any of the aforementioned natural viral hosts or consumption of these hosts.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution

Alakunle

Moens

Nchinda

et al. 2020

Viruses

575

685

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a member of orthopoxvirus genus. The reemergence of MPXV in 2017 (at Bayelsa state) after 39 years of no reported case in Nigeria, and the export of travelers’ monkeypox (MPX) from Nigeria to other parts of the world, in 2018 and 2019, respectively, have raised concern that MPXV may have emerged to occupy the ecological and immunological niche vacated by smallpox virus. This review X-rays the current state of knowledge pertaining the infection biology, epidemiology, and evolution of MPXV in Nigeria and worldwide, especially with regard to the human, cellular, and viral factors that modulate the virus transmission dynamics, infection, and its maintenance in nature. This paper also elucidates the role of recombination, gene loss and gene gain in MPXV evolution, chronicles the role of signaling in MPXV infection, and reviews the current therapeutic options available for the treatment and prevention of MPX. Additionally, genome-wide phylogenetic analysis was undertaken, and we show that MPXV isolates from recent 2017 outbreak in Nigeria were monophyletic with the isolate exported to Israel from Nigeria but do not share the most recent common ancestor with isolates obtained from earlier outbreaks, in 1971 and 1978, respectively. Finally, the review highlighted gaps in knowledge particularly the non-identification of a definitive reservoir host animal for MPXV and proposed future research endeavors to address the unresolved questions.

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“…the human population (2). In 2018, an MPXV sample isolated from a case-patient in Cameroon was found to be genetically similar to a sample from Nigeria despite no epidemiologic linkage, raising the possibility of an epizootic event spanning the Nigeria-Cameroon border (3). This fi nding is uncharacteristic of the West Africa clade, which tends to cause temporally and geographically isolated outbreaks (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reemergence of Human Monkeypox and Declining Population Immunity in the Context of Urbanization, Nigeria, 2017–2020

Nguyen¹,

Ajisegiri²,

Costantino³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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, Nigeria has been experiencing the largest monkeypox outbreak in the country's history. As of November 2019, the country had reported 183 confi rmed cases across 18 states (1). This outbreak is also the largest recorded that has been caused by the West Africa clade of the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Beyond its scale, this outbreak is an illustrative case study for emerging zoonosis because of its epidemiologic characteristics. Preliminary genetic analysis suggests multiple zoonotic introductions from animal reservoirs into

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Monkeypox virus phylogenetic similarities between a human case detected in Cameroon in 2018 and the 2017-2018 outbreak in Nigeria

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018

Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution

Reemergence of Human Monkeypox and Declining Population Immunity in the Context of Urbanization, Nigeria, 2017–2020

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