SYNOPSISFast-growing plantations of conifers have replaced areas of mediterranean shrubland in the south-western Cape. This study arises from the need to quantify the impacts of major changes in primary productivity, litterfall, and nutrient cycling in terms of the site utilisation and long-term productivity.Litterfall and decomposition were measured over five years in a catchment under mature Pinus radiata in the Jonkershoek valley near Stellenbosch, with seasonality and nutrient cycling rates assessed for the plantation ecosystem. Data are presented for all components of litterfall including needles, strobili, pollen, seed, bark, branches and cones. Total means annuallitterfall amounted to 3270 kg/ha per annum, of which needles accounted for 76,7 % or 2825 kg/ha, and strobili 8 % (295 kg/ha). Decomposition of needles is at least 50 % after three years and litter accumulation is limited.All components of litterfall have been analysed for nutrient content on at least an annual basis, with detailed seasonal studies of needle litter. Values of N, P, and K at 0,64 %, 0,03 % and 0,29 % of needle mass respectively, are about 50 % of those for fresh needles. The total annual return of nutrients to the forest floor in litter is 26,1 kg of N, 1,5 kg of P, and 10,5 kg of K. Values are also tabulated for Ca, Mg, and the trace elements. The importance of N, P and K in the litter cycle is compared to amounts in standing trees and extracted timber. P. radiata shows an ability to cycle its nutrients very rapidly which may account for its success on nutrient-poor sites.