Monitoring the healing process of rat bones using Raman spectroscopy

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future

“…20,21 Indicatively, BPC 157 improves the healing of the skin wounds, [65][66][67][68] muscle, [69][70][71][72][73] tendon, [73][74][75][76][77] ligament, 78 and bone injuries. [79][80][81] Furthermore, the observed considerable recovery of the skin wound and muscle, tendon, ligament and bone, after severe injury that could be not spontaneously healed [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] may be quite indicative. These healing processes may suggest that BPC 157 may distinctively affect tissue healing (i.e., with BPC 157, tendon heals with the tendon, not with the bone; detached rat Achilles tendon from calcaneus would be properly reattached to calcaneus without surgical intervention).…”

“…101 Finally, a general argumentation within the commonly accepted concepts, holds that the wound healing process accomplished all of the four major events (vascular constriction, loose platelet plug, fibrin mesh to ensure stability of platelet plug, dissolution of the clot) that occur in a set order following the loss of vascular integrity. 62 Thereby, an agent implemented in wound healing, [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] such as stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, has shown to be effective in wound healing but also effective in bleeding disorders. 62 Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157-NO-systemrelation…”

Raman Spectroscopy as a Biomarker-Investigative Tool in Bone Metabolism

“…Biomarkers for bone turnover and bone resorption are recommended to be included in observational and prospective clinical trials according to the International Osteoporosis Foundation and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (Gong Table 1 Raman peak positions and bands assignments. Raman peak positions and bands assignments s strong, m medium, w weak, sh shoulder, br broad, v very (Bansil et al 1978;Gamulin et al 2013;Kazanci et al 2007 et al 2014). In this chapter, four biomarkers were chosen to qualify bone: three feature the impact of the mineral and one highlights the contribution of collagen cross-linking.…”

“…Accordingly, Raman peak ratios are usually used rather than peak intensities to detect differences in bone tissue composition (Nyman et al 2011). Regarding the choice of comparing either the intensities or the areas of the peaks, some authors advocate that using peak intensities causes less error because of the smaller influence of the baseline (Gamulin et al 2013), whereas some researchers have found no differences (Goodyear et al 2009). Figure 5 shows a typical Raman spectrum of bone tissue with labels for the major bands that correspond to the mineral and organic constituents.…”

“…Figure 5 shows a typical Raman spectrum of bone tissue with labels for the major bands that correspond to the mineral and organic constituents. Table 1 lists the positions of all of the relevant Raman vibrational bands in the bone spectra (Bansil et al 1978;Gamulin et al 2013;Kazanci et al 2007;Mandair and Morris 2015;Pinheiro et al 2014.…”