Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Africa. Part 1: Passive air sampling across the continent in 2008

Klánová, Jana; Čupr, Pavel; Holoubek, Ivan; Borůvková, Jana; Příbylová, Petra; Kareš, Radovan; Tomšej, Tomáš; Ocelka, Tomáš

doi:10.1039/b913415h

Cited by 86 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, a study by Klanova et al . [] using passive samplers found that the PAH concentrations at a background site in Mauritius (latitude −20.23, longitude 57.49), located to the east of Madagascar, were significantly higher than those of samples from Zimbabwe and South Africa. Although the PAH concentrations based on the passive samplers only represent the gaseous PAHs, both gas and particle phase PAHs could change similarly with the change of the emission sources [ Akyüz and Çabuk , ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The distribution and origin of PAHs over the Asian marginal seas, the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans: Implications for outflows from Asia and Africa

Liu

Yue

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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Aerosol samples were collected aboard the R/V Dayang Yihao from 8 January to 7 August 2007 to investigate the geographical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over oceans and to assess their continental origins. The highest concentrations were found over the marginal seas in Asia, especially the East and South China Seas, indicating that China is a top source of emissions into the marine atmosphere in the areas monitored on this cruise. PAH concentrations over the west oceanic region in the South Indian Ocean were noticeably higher than in other areas of the Indian Ocean, most likely because air masses from Africa, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal exert a negative impact on those regions through long-range atmospheric transport. The PAH isomer ratio values varied over the oceans that were impacted by continental sources but remained relatively uniform over most of the remote oceans. Using diagnostic ratio analysis, we found PAHs emitted from China were mainly associated with biomass/coal burning. The measurements of levoglucosan were consistent with the results mentioned above. The western part of the South Indian Ocean atmosphere was likely affected by wildfire emissions from Africa, while the northern part was by petroleum combustion, biofuel, and wildfire burning, because the winter monsoon most likely carries aerosol from the Arabian Peninsula and India across the equator. Using the monthly images of fire activity and aerosol optical depth, it can be confirmed biomass burning from Africa can significantly influence the aerosol over the Indian Ocean.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The distribution and origin of PAHs over the Asian marginal seas, the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans: Implications for outflows from Asia and Africa

Liu

Yue

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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“…POPs in air have been monitored in central and northern Europe, central parts of North America, as well as in the Arctic (e.g., Holoubek et al 2007;Hung et al 2010). Other understudied regions have recently been studied using passive air sampling, which comes with a factor of ≈2 uncertainty (e.g., Pozo et al 2009Pozo et al , 2012Klánová et al 2009;Halse et al 2011), and also in Turkey (no results published; MoEU 2015). In some parts of the world, including Turkey, our knowledge of POP levels is very sparse and mainly relies on campaign-based (short-term) observations (Lohmann et al 2007;Klánová et al 2011).…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Constantini Samaramentioning

confidence: 99%

POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks

Ugranli

Güngörmüş

Kavcar

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Semi-volatile organic compounds were monitored over a whole year, by collection of gas and particle phases every sixth day at a suburban site in Izmir, Turkey. Annual mean concentrations of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (∑ 32 PCBs) and 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑ 14 PAHs) were 348 pg/m 3 and 36 ng/m 3 , respectively, while it was 273 pg/m 3 for endosulfan, the dominant compound among 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the USEPA exposure-risk models for the estimation of the population exposure and carcinogenic risk probability distributions for heating and non-heating periods. The estimated population risks associated with dermal contact and inhalation routes to ∑ 32 PCBs, ∑ 14 PAHs, and some of the targeted OCPs (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α-chlordane (α-CHL), γ-chlordane (γ-CHL), and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT)) were in the ranges of 1.86 × 10 −16 -7.29 × 10 −9 and 1.38 × 10 −10 -4.07 × 10 −6 , respectively. The inhalation 95th percentile risks for ∑ 32 PCBs, ∑ 14 PAHs, and OCPs were about 6, 3, and 4-7 orders of magnitude higher than those of dermal route, respectively. The 95th percentile inhalation risk for ∑ 32 PCBs and OCPs in the non-heating period were 1.8-and 1.2-4.6 folds higher than in the heating period, respectively. In contrast, the 95th percentile risk levels for ∑ 14 PAHs in the heating period were 4.3 times greater than that of non-heating period for inhalation, respectively. While risk levels associated with exposure to PCBs and OCPs did not exceed the acceptable level of 1 × 10 −6 , it was exceeded for 47 % of the population associated with inhalation of PAHs with a maximum value of about 4 × 10 −6 .

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“…As the insect menace and mosquito breeding are high during monsoon season, the obtained results clearly indicate the proportional usage of DDT to control mosquitoes, etc. The global production of DDT during 2005 was 6,269 metric tons (Klanova et al 2009), but in India, through National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, 4,930 metric tons of DDT was provided to states during 2008 for vector control (Toxic Links Fact Sheet 2011).…”

Section: Diagnostic Ratio Of Ddts and Hchsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in atmospheric air of Tamilnadu, southern India

Srimurali

Govindaraj

Kumar

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Passive air sampling was performed for urban, suburban, coastal, and agriculture air during April 2009-January 2010 in Tamilnadu, southern India, to know the distribution and fate of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues. Exposed polyurethane foam samples (30 ± 2 days) were soxhlet extracted, and the extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method. The total concentrations of 13 OCPs were in the range of not detected (ND)-41,400 pg/m 3 . Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, heptachlor, and mirex were found predominant during monsoon season. The elevated a/c isomer ratio of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (5.03) during summer revealed fresh/recent usage of HCH in coastal area. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ratio shows its fresh application in all the locations during monsoon season, which probably used to contain the diseases causing vectors. Detection of banned pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlor in air, indicating their illegal usage/or from old source. Furthermore, mirex, an unregistered pesticide in India, is being reported for the first time in air. More importantly, the obtained information will be used as a valuable baseline data for the management of atmospheric OCPs in future.

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Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Africa. Part 1: Passive air sampling across the continent in 2008

Cited by 86 publications

References 6 publications

The distribution and origin of PAHs over the Asian marginal seas, the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans: Implications for outflows from Asia and Africa

The distribution and origin of PAHs over the Asian marginal seas, the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans: Implications for outflows from Asia and Africa

POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in atmospheric air of Tamilnadu, southern India

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