Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Vegetables of Agricultural Area in Venezuela

Trivedi

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

The study was conducted on 20 vegetables including leafy, root, modified stem, and fruity vegetables like bitter gourd, jack fruit, french-bean, onion, colocassia, pointed gourd, capsicum, spinach, potato, fenugreek seeds, carrot, radish, cucumber, beetroot, brinjal, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, okra, and bottle gourd. Forty-eight pesticides including 13 organochlorines (OCs), 17 organophosphates (OPs), 10 synthetic pyrethriods (SPs), and eight herbicides (H) pesticides were analyzed. A total number of 60 samples, each in triplicates, were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method. The quantification was done by GC-ECD/NPD. The recovery varies from 70.22% to 96.32% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 15%. However the limit of detection ranged from 0.001-0.009 mg kg(-1)for OCs, SPs, OPs, and H, respectively. Twenty-three pesticides were detected from total 48 analyzed pesticides in the samples with the range of 0.005-12.35 mg kg(-1). The detected pesticides were: Σ-HCH, Dicofol, Σ-Endosulfan, Fenpropathrin, Permethrin-II, β-cyfluthrin-II, Fenvalerate-I, Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorofenvinfos, Anilophos, and Dimethachlor. In some vegetables like radish, cucumber, cauliflower, cabbage, and okra, the detected pesticides (Σ-HCH, Permethrin-II, Dichlorvos, and Chlorofenvinfos) were above maximum residues limit (MRL) (PFA 1954). However, in other vegetables the level of pesticide residues was either below detection limit or MRL.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Monitoring of pesticide residues in market basket samples of vegetable from Lucknow City, India: QuEChERS method

Trivedi

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

“…Apart from the potential danger they may pose to the soil organisms, there is also the possibility of translocation of these residues from the soil into cocoa fruits through the root system, and into other crops like vegetables that are commonly intercropped within cocoa farms, thereby constituting serious health risks (Townsend & Specht, 1975;Quintero et al, 2008). Contamination of surrounding water bodies by pesticides residues through runoff from contaminated farm soils is also likely as widely reported (Castilho, Fenzl, Guillen & Nascimento, 2000;Konstantinou, Hela, & Albanis, 2006;Pazou et al, 2006;Sarkar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Soil of Cocoa Farms in Ondo State Central District, Nigeria

Aiyesanmi¹,

Idowu²

2012

ENRR

Ondo State being the highest producer of Cocoa in Nigeria constitutes the most probable area with the highest use of chemical pesticides to enhance cocoa production. As effective as these chemicals may be in achieving this goal, the incidence of their residues on non-targeted substances and the total environment, with the attendant adverse effects have being of serious concerns. Our objective in this paper is to assess contamination of farm soils by organochlorine pesticides applied on cocoa farms within the Central Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from selected cocoa farms and analysed for organochlorine pesticides residues using GC-MS. Some soil physicochemical properties including pH, particle size and organic matter that may influence the dynamics of the pollutants were also determined. Organochlorine compounds detected at varied concentrations include Endosulfan I and Endosulfan II occurring most frequently with highest concentrations of 350.10 mg/kg and 3.55 mg/kg respectively. Other organochlorine compounds detected were Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, Aldrin, Deldrin,, isomers of Benzene hexachloride: α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, and Ƴ-BHC (lindane). The concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides (mg/kg) measured in the soil samples showed significant (p<0.05) correlation with the total organic matter contents of the soil. Findings from this research thus, provide information on the current and health risk residue levels of organochlorine pesticides in soil from this region with which future environmental performance on the use of pesticides on cocoa farms could be progressively monitored.

“…In all of these countries, the organophosphate methamidophos is frequently used and is within the list of adverse residues. This pesticide is also detected in a review (Quintero et al 2008) done on the occurrence of organophosphate pesticides in six different vegetables from Venezuela. Although not in the list of pesticides used by farmers in the present study, methamidophos was also detected in celery originated from Suriname in a concentration higher than the MRL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Risk assessment of pesticide usage by farmers in Commewijne, Suriname, South America: a pilot study for the Alkmaar and Tamanredjo regions

Mahabali

Spanoghe

2015

Environ Monit Assess

Limited scientific work is available on pesticide use and exposure in Suriname. Therefore, research was conducted to assess the application, safety practices (use of personal protective equipment (PPEs)), and potential risk of pesticide use by means of a face-to-face questionnaire and determination of the international estimated short-term intake (IESTI)). The amount of pesticide used was compared with the label and the in the European Union (EU) authorized dose. The majority of the farmers was male between 41 and 60 years and followed a primary education only. Less than 5 % of farmers used non-authorized pesticides. Results showed that most farmers (58 up to 100 %) apply a dose, which is within 0-100 % of the regulated dose (label and EU). Good results were obtained for the use of most PPEs. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant difference between the different age classes, the different levels of education, and the use of PPEs. Pesticide residue analysis of four major crops showed that 22 % of the samples contained pesticides (13 % imidacloprid and 9 % chlorothalonil). The results for imidacloprid were higher than their respective maximum residue levels (MRLs) and were used for calculation of the IESTI. The highest observed IESTI value was 74.5 % of the EU acute reference dose (ARfD), giving rise to concern about pesticide usage. In Suriname, educational programs, good agricultural practices (GAP) training, sustainable agricultural practices, food monitoring studies, and legislative control mechanisms are urgently needed to protect farmer's health and the environment and to ensure food safety.