Molybdenum Cofactors and Their role in the Evolution of Metabolic Pathways

Presta, Luana; Emiliani, Giovanni; Fondi, Marco; Fani, Renato

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9972-0

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…Also, several other genes annotated as coding for molybdopterin biosynthesis and molybdopterin-containing proteins were significantly more highly expressed in 8%-O 2 -exposed cells (CLJU_c17950, CLJU_c20050-60, CLJU_c23910, CLJU_c24130) (see Table S2 in the supplemental material). Molybdopterin may contain either tungsten or molybdenum metals, but as previously mentioned, molybdenum is less oxygen labile (96)(97)(98)(99)105). Nickel may also be a more preferential cofactor during oxygen exposure based on significantly higher expression of the anaerobic-type (nickel-dependent) CODH complex (CLJU_c09090-110) at 14 and 36 h and predicted hydrogenase expression/formation protein (CLJU_c23080) at 36 h, which is thought to be involved in nickel insertion (Table 3) (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this AOR is predicted to use molybdenum as a cofactor, whereas the other two are predicted to be tungsten-containing AORs (2). Of the charac- terized carboxylic acid-reducing AORs of C. formicaceticum, a molybdenum-containing AOR is much less oxygen labile than the tungsten-containing AORs, and it is true in general that tungsten is more oxygen labile than molybdenum (95)(96)(97)(98)(99). More specifically, C. formicaceticum's purified tungsten-containing AOR lost 20% of its activity in 5 min versus 4% for the molybdenum-containing AOR (95).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metabolic Response of Clostridium ljungdahlii to Oxygen Exposure

Whitham

Tirado-Acevedo

Chinn

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cClostridium ljungdahlii is an important synthesis gas-fermenting bacterium used in the biofuels industry, and a preliminary investigation showed that it has some tolerance to oxygen when cultured in rich mixotrophic medium. Batch cultures not only continue to grow and consume H 2 , CO, and fructose after 8% O 2 exposure, but fermentation product analysis revealed an increase in ethanol concentration and decreased acetate concentration compared to non-oxygen-exposed cultures. In this study, the mechanisms for higher ethanol production and oxygen/reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification were identified using a combination of fermentation, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) differential expression, and enzyme activity analyses. The results indicate that the higher ethanol and lower acetate concentrations were due to the carboxylic acid reductase activity of a more highly expressed predicted aldehyde oxidoreductase (CLJU_c24130) and that C. ljungdahlii's primary defense upon oxygen exposure is a predicted rubrerythrin (CLJU_c39340). The metabolic responses of higher ethanol production and oxygen/ ROS detoxification were found to be linked by cofactor management and substrate and energy metabolism. This study contributes new insights into the physiology and metabolism of C. ljungdahlii and provides new genetic targets to generate C. ljungdahlii strains that produce more ethanol and are more tolerant to syngas contaminants. Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic, motile, endosporeforming, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, acetogenic bacterium isolated from chicken yard waste and has application as a biocatalyst to transform syngas components (CO, CO 2 , and H 2 ) into more valuable chemicals (1-4). It was the first bacterium discovered to metabolize these syngas components and to produce ethanol with acetate as its primary fermentation product (1, 4). To reduce the amount of acetate and increase the amount of ethanol produced by C. ljungdahlii for its use in industrial solvent production, different reactor designs and agitation parameters, varied syngas component concentrations, increased gas flow rates and pressures, reduced nitrogen sources, addition of reducing agents to media, adjustment of growth medium pH, and addition of nanoparticles have all been evaluated (1,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Some of these efforts have reportedly improved ethanol/ acetate product ratios from 1:20 to 2:1 in batch cultures and from 1:1 to 21:1 for cultures grown in continuously stirred reactors (8,9,16). More recent sequencing and genetic modification techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of C. ljungdahlii's metabolism and increased production of ethanol as well as enabled production of other chemicals (e.g., acetone, butyrate, and butanol) (2, 3, 17-21).Despite these advancements, for C. ljungdahlii to be effectively used for industrial syngas transformation, some of its catalytic limitations related to gaseous headspace composition still require evaluation. Although steel mill waste gas was recently used as...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Response of Clostridium ljungdahlii to Oxygen Exposure

Whitham

Tirado-Acevedo

Chinn

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In bis -MGD, the molybdenum atom is coordinated through two dithiolene groups of two MGD moieties [17–19]. In E. coli , the in vivo process of production of bis -MGD cofactor consists of four main steps: a) the conversion of GTP into cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent radical enzymes [20] and cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase accessory protein, b) the insertion of sulfur and formation of molybdopterin (MPT) by MPT synthase [21,22], c) the insertion of molybdenum, which is sequestered as a molybdate oxyanion (MoO 4 2− ) [23] into MPT by molybdopterin adenylyltransferase (MogA) [24] and molybdopterin molybdenumtransferase (MoeA) [18] and d) the further modification of Moco to form a dinucleotide derivative of Moco, the MPT-guanine dinucleotide (MGD) cofactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of overexpression of a chaperone protein of steroid C25 dehydrogenase for biochemical and biophysical characterization

Niedzialkowska

Mrugala

Rugor

et al. 2017

Protein Expression and Purification

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Molybdenum is an essential nutrient for metabolism in plant, bacteria, and animals. Molybdoenzymes are involved in nitrogen assimilation and oxidoreductive detoxification, and bioconversion reactions of environmental, industrial, and pharmaceutical interest. Molybdoenzymes contain a molybdenum cofactor (Moco), which is a pyranopterin heterocyclic compound that binds a molybdenum atom via a dithiolene group. Because Moco is a large and complex compound deeply buried within the protein, molybdoenzymes are accompanied by private chaperone proteins responsible for the cofactor’s insertion into the enzyme and the enzyme’s maturation. An efficient recombinant expression and purification of both Moco-free and Moco-containing molybdoenzymes and their chaperones is of paramount importance for fundamental and applied research related to molybdoenzymes. In this work, we focused on a D1 protein annotated as a chaperone of steroid C25 dehydrogenase (S25DH) from Sterolibacterium denitrificans Chol-1S. The D1 protein is presumably involved in the maturation of S25DH engaged in oxygen-independent oxidation of sterols. As this chaperone is thought to be a crucial element that ensures the insertion of Moco into the enzyme and consequently, proper folding of S25DH optimization of the chaperon’s expression is the first step toward the development of recombinant expression and purification methods for S25DH. We have identified common E. coli strains and conditions for both expression and purification that allow us to selectively produce Moco-containing and Moco-free chaperones. We have also characterized the Moco-containing chaperone by EXAFS and HPLC analysis and identified conditions that stabilize both forms of the protein. The protocols presented here are efficient and result in protein quantities sufficient for biochemical studies.

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“…Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) biosynthesis is a highly conserved biochemical pathway resulting in the biochemical activation of molybdenum after binding the dithiolene moiety of a small organic compound called molybdopterin 78 . MOCS2 is the catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex and acts as a sulfur carrier required for molybdopterin biosynthesis [79][80][81] . It was found that Mo deficiency affects plant nitrogen and sulphur metabolisms, in a manner similar to the nitrate assimilation activity which is inhibited by the shortage of Mo-co, but still different from nitrate or sulphate limitation 80 .…”

Section: Simple Sequence Repeat Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dowsing for salinity tolerance related genes in chickpea through genome wide association and in silico PCR analysis

Ahmed

Alsamman

Mubarak

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress severely limits agricultural crop production throughout the world, and the stress is increasing particularly in the irrigated agricultural areas. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume that plays a significant role in the nutrition of the developing world. In this study, we used a chickpea subset collected from the genebank of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA). This collection was selected by using the focused identification of germplasm strategy (FIGS). The subset included 138 genotypes which have been screened in the open field (Arish, Sinai, Egypt) and in the greenhouse (Giza, Egypt) by using the hydroponic system at 100 mM NaCl concentration. The experiment was laid out in randomized alpha lattice design in two replications. The molecular characterization was done by using sixteen SSR markers (collected from QTL conferred salinity tolerance in chickpea), 2,500 SNP and 3,031 DArT markers which have been developed and used for association study. The results indicated significant differences between the chickpea genotypes. Based on the average of the two hydroponic and field experiments, seven tolerant genotypes IGs (70782, 70430, 70764, 117703, 6057, 8447 and 70249) have been identified. The data analysis indicated one SSR (TAA170), three DArT (DART2393, DART769 and DART2009) and eleven SNP markers (SNP948) were associated with salinity tolerance. The flanking regions of these markers revealed genes with a known role in the salinity tolerance, which could be candidates for marker-assisted selection in chickpea breeding programs. IntroductionAbout 7.5 billion human share the same land, food and water resources. The global food demands are exponentially expanded while; the water scarcity will affect 1.8 billion people in 2025. One of the most crucial problems that face food security is salinity. According to FAO, over 6.5% of the world's land is affected, which is translated into 800 million HA of arable lands and expanding dramatically 1 . Filling the gap between the consumption and production require more research in order to enhance unprepared economic plant varieties to face such sudden environmental changes and unlock their ability to tolerance.Chickpea is one of the candidate cereal crops, which provides food with high nutritional value for an expanding world population. In addition, its global annual production is over 12 million tons. The chickpea production is centered in China (17%), India (12%), Russia and the USA (8%) 2 . Chickpea is sensitive to salinity which reduces its yield greatly 3 . Upon exposure to salt stress, the meristems accumulate salts in the vacuoles of the xylem 4 , to lower their osmotic potential till reaching high concentrations 5,6 . Other strategies to tolerate salinity can be by efficient osmotic adjustment, homeostasis, retention in root and mesophyll cells, and ROS detoxification 7,8 . The sodium (Na + ) accumulation in the cytoplasm dehydrates the cell by causing ion homeos...

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Molybdenum Cofactors and Their role in the Evolution of Metabolic Pathways

Cited by 6 publications

References 156 publications

Metabolic Response of Clostridium ljungdahlii to Oxygen Exposure

Metabolic Response of Clostridium ljungdahlii to Oxygen Exposure

Optimization of overexpression of a chaperone protein of steroid C25 dehydrogenase for biochemical and biophysical characterization

Dowsing for salinity tolerance related genes in chickpea through genome wide association and in silico PCR analysis

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