Mollusk Shell Formation: A Source of New Concepts for Understanding Biomineralization Processes

Addadi, Lia; Joester, Derk; Nudelman, Fabio; Weiner, Steve

doi:10.1002/chin.200616269

Cited by 196 publications

(314 citation statements)

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“…Like other mollusc shell microstructures, nacre is built extracellularly under the cellular control by the calcifying epithelium of the mantle. The nacreous layer exhibits a remarkable regular lamellar microstructure consisting of uniformly thick layers (0.5 lm) of aragonite crystals, which are densely packed with small amount of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides (for review see Addadi et al 2006). These mantle-secreted biomacromolecules, which constitute the organic matrix, are believed to control different aspects of the mineral deposition (Lowenstam and Weiner 1989;Mann 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mantle-secreted biomacromolecules, which constitute the organic matrix, are believed to control different aspects of the mineral deposition (Lowenstam and Weiner 1989;Mann 2001). Although this organic matrix represents only 1-5% of nacre weight, according to the different species (Addadi et al 2006), it displays key functions such as the local structuring of the 3D space in an organic framework just prior to the mineral deposition (Sudo et al 1997;Suzuki et al 2009), the regulation of the CaCO 3 precipitation (Wheeler et al 1981), the selection of the polymorph-aragonite and/or calcite (Falini et al 1996)-and the control of the mineral shape. Furthermore at the atomic level, some of these matrix macromolecules exert an effect on the lattice parameters of CaCO 3 (Pokroy et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl, is the most extensively studied non-human organo-mineral biomaterial because of its extremely high fracture toughness (Addadi et al 2006). Nacre constitutes the lustrous inner layer of various mollusc shells, such as the pearl oyster from the genus Pinctada (Bivalvia: Pteriidae).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of MRNP34, a novel methionine-rich nacre protein from the pearl oysters

et al. 2011

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Nacre of the Pinctada pearl oyster shells is composed of 98% CaCO3 and 2% organic matrix. The relationship between the organic matrix and the mechanism of nacre formation currently constitutes the main focus regarding the biomineralization process. In this study, we isolated a new nacre matrix protein in P. margaritifera and P. maxima, we called Pmarg- and Pmax-MRNP34 (methionine-rich nacre protein). MRNP34 is a secreted hydrophobic protein, which is remarkably rich in methionine, and which is specifically localised in mineralizing the epithelium cells of the mantle and in the nacre matrix. The structure of this protein is drastically different from those of the other nacre proteins already described. This unusual methionine-rich protein is a new member in the growing list of low complexity domain containing proteins that are associated with biocalcifications. These observations offer new insights to the molecular mechanisms of biomineralization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of MRNP34, a novel methionine-rich nacre protein from the pearl oysters

et al. 2011

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“…Biomineralization starts from ionic crystals precipitating from an aqueous physiological solution, and the conventional mechanism of crystal nucleation and growth has been widely used to model biomineralization. This model is currently being challenged by other models involving a multistep pathway of biomineralization, which emphasizes the involvement of transient phases prior to the final crystal formation [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. For example, more and more experimental evidence shows that common biomineral crystallites such as calcite are not precipitated in a single step and that a transformation from an intermediate solid state is involved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of viscosity on the phase transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate in fluids: An understanding of the medium effect in biomimetic mineralization

Xie

Tang

2010

Sci. China Chem.

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Biological mineral generation via an amorphous precursor is a topic of great current interest. Various factors such as the temperature, solution composition and presence of organic molecules can influence this important inorganic process. Here we demonstrate that this mineral transformation can actually readily be regulated by solution viscosity, a fundamental but often overlooked property. In our experiment, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), a key model compound in biomimetic mineralization studies, is synthesized and dispersed into inert dispersants with different viscosities and the crystallization process is examined by using FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD. It is found that the inhibition of the transformation of ACC becomes more significant with increasing fluid viscosity. This phenomenon can be explained by the differences in ion diffusion in different media. Furthermore, the resulting crystals always have different morphologies and size distributions although they all have the calcite structure. This study implies that the importance of the fluid medium cannot be ignored in building a complete understanding of biological control of biomimetic crystallizations. mineralization, amorphous calcium carbonate, transformation, viscosity

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“…Mollusc shell is a biomineralized material composed of calcium carbonate and organic molecules including protein components, chitin and lipids which contribute to the architecture and resilience of the shell (Addadi et al 2006;Levi-Kalisman et al 2001). Trends in the identification of shell proteins have led to the characterization of about 20 protein families, mainly in Bivalvia and Gastropoda .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Strategy for Identifying Mollusc Shell Proteins Using Mild Chemical Degradation and Trypsin Digestion of Insoluble Organic Shell Matrix: A Pilot Study on Haliotis tuberculata

et al. 2011

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A successful strategy for the identification of shell proteins is based on proteomic analyses where soluble and insoluble fractions isolated from organic shell matrix are digested with trypsin with the aim of generating peptides, which are used to identify novel shell proteins contained in databases. However, using trypsin as a sole degradative agent is limited by the enzyme's cleavage specificity and is dependent upon the occurrence of lysine and arginine in the shell protein sequence. To bypass this limitation, we investigated the ability of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), a low-specificity chemical degradative agent, to generate clusters of analyzable peptides from organic shell matrix, suitable for database annotation. Acetic acid-insoluble fractions from Haliotis tuberculata shell were processed by trypsin followed by TFA digestion. The hydrolysates were used to annotate an expressed sequence tag library constructed from the mantle tissue of Haliotis asinina, a tropical abalone species. The characterization of sequences with repeat motifs featured in some of the shell matrix proteins benefited from TFA-induced serial cutting, which can result in peptide ladder series. Using the degradative specificities of TFA and trypsin, we were able to identify five novel shell proteins. This pilot study indicates that a mild chemical digestion of organic shell matrix combined with trypsin generates peptides suitable for proteomic analysis for better characterization of mollusc shell matrix proteins.

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Mollusk Shell Formation: A Source of New Concepts for Understanding Biomineralization Processes

Abstract: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Cited by 196 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization of MRNP34, a novel methionine-rich nacre protein from the pearl oysters

Characterization of MRNP34, a novel methionine-rich nacre protein from the pearl oysters

Influence of viscosity on the phase transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate in fluids: An understanding of the medium effect in biomimetic mineralization

Proteomic Strategy for Identifying Mollusc Shell Proteins Using Mild Chemical Degradation and Trypsin Digestion of Insoluble Organic Shell Matrix: A Pilot Study on Haliotis tuberculata

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