Molecularly Imprinted Polyresorcinol Based Capacitive Sensor for Sulphanilamide Detection

Abstract

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based capacitive sensor for antibiotic detection in drinking water and milk has been developed on a gold coated silicon electrode (Au Electrode). The electrode was fabricated by electropolymerizing monomer resorcinol (RN) on Au surface in presence of sulphanilamide (SN) as a template molecule, to get insulated RN polymer antibiotic composite. The insulation of the polymer film was improved by incubation of electrode in 1‐Dodecanethiol solution. Subsequently MIP sensor was obtained by extraction of SN in ethanol and acetic acid solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed for characterization of the developed MIP electrode at different steps of fabrication. The surface morphology of MIP electrode was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Performance of MIP sensor was evaluated by measuring change in capacitance against varying concentration of SN using EIS. A linear response in the range 1 to 200 μg L−1 SN was recorded for MIP sensor with a detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1. The developed MIP sensor exhibited good selectivity towards SN in water and milk with recoveries in the range 92 % to 105 %. The obtained results suggest the usability of MIP based sensor for SN estimation in water and milk samples.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Sulfamethizole Using a Reusable Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor

“…The results again confirmed the excellent recognition capability of the MIP toward SMZ. The LOD of the proposed sensor is lower or comparable to most previous MIP-based electrochemical sensors for detecting SAs antibiotics ( Table S1 ) [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. In contrast to the listed sensors that perform signal amplification through various nanomaterials with long-time and laborious synthesis processes, the fabrication of the MIP sensing interface in this study is much faster, and more eco-friendly, and can be completed within 30 min without use of any toxic organic solvents.…”

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: , Figure S1: The optimized structure for several monomers: (A) 3-thiopheneacetic acid (TAA), (B) 3-thiopheneethanol (TE), (C) 3-thiophenemethylamine (TM), (D) 3-thiopheneboronic acid (TBA),and (E) sulfamethizole (SMZ) molecule; Figure S2: Optimized geometric structures of several binding modes of the complexes between SMZ and TAA (A–C) or TE (D–F); Figure S3: Optimized geometric structures of several binding modes of the complexes between SMZ and TM (A–C) or TBA (D–F); Figure S4: The equivalent circuit model, where Rs, Cdl, and Zw represent solution resistance, double-layer capacitance, and Warburg impedance, respectively; Figure S5: (A–D) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for each electropolymerized 3-substituted thiophene in the presence and absence of SMZ template, and the corresponding MIP film after template removal. (E–H) EIS response of each MIP and NIP towards target SMZ; Table S1: Comparison of the proposed sensor with other reported molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors for detecting sulfonamide antibiotics [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors

“…Electrochemically formed poly-meta-phenylenediamine MIP imprinted by erythromycin was used for the detection of erythromycin in real water-based aliquots [ 120 ]. Electrochemical dopamine sensors on poly-nicotinamide [ 125 ], sulphanilamide imprinted polyresorcinol [ 126 ], poly(1-naphthylamine), triphenylamine-based molecularly imprinted polythionine [ 127 ] or copolymer imprinted by azorubine [ 128 ] were previously reported. Recently, MIPs were used for the detection of some newly developed anticancer drugs [ 129 ].…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Chemical Sensing: A Tutorial Review

“…Hence, special treatments with "blocking agents" such as alkanethiols for gold transducers have been shown to conveniently enhance insulation, thus improving sensor performance [33]. A wide variety of molecules have been detected using impedimetric sensors: phenylalanine [33], nicotine [25], glucose [49], theophylline [50], melamine [62], resorcinol [51], imidacloprid [52], and amphetamine [53] (see Table 1 for the characteristics of these sensors).…”