Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Leptospira Species Isolated from Wild Mammal Reservoirs in Sardinia

Piredda, Ivana; Ponti, Maria Nicoletta; Palmas, Bruna; Noworol, Malgorzata; Pedditzi, Aureliana; Rebechesu, Lucio; Chisu, Valentina

doi:10.3390/ani11041109

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Results obtained from the seven isolates from rat kidneys with MLST allowed for the characterization of the Leptospira strains by sequencing and analyzing specific fragments of some bacterial housekeeping genes, thus identifying specific sequence types (STs). These results were in agreement with the recent detection of pathogenic Leptospira from wild mammals [24] in the same study area and indicate that serovar diversity of Leptospira species has yet to be fully investigated in Sardinia Island.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was added due to minimize bacterial contamination. Samples of kidney and liver were homogenized as previously described [24]. A total of 500 µL of urine (500 µL diluted 1:100 in PBS) and 25 mg of tissue were suspended in EMJH-fluorouracil medium at 28 • C and cultured for a period of three months.…”

Section: Culturing Of Leptospiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All DNA samples were then screened for detection of pathogenic Leptospira by real-time PCR (qPCR) assay with primers LipL32-45F (5 -AAGCATTACCGCTTGTGGTG-3 ) and LipL32-286R (5 -GAA CTCCCA TTT CAG CGA TT-3 ), and the probeLipL32-189P (FAM-5 -AA AGCCAG GAC AAG CGCCG-3 -BHQ1), targeting a fragment of the lipL32 gene [25]. PCR reaction mix composition and PCR temperature cycling conditions were the same as those used in a previous study [24]. A negative control (DNA extracted from water) and a positive control (DNA extracted from the reference strain of L. interrogans ATCC ® BAA1198D5TM) were included in each run.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Pcr Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

Piredda

Ponti

Piras

et al. 2021

Biology

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Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in a wide variety of animal species, including humans and dogs. No data exist regarding the presence of Leptospira species in the canine population of Sardinia Island. This study reports the first sero-survey for leptospirosis in kennel and owned dogs from six areas of the north of Sardinia. Sera from 1296 dogs were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) specific for nine different serovars that are known to be well widespread in the Mediterranean environment. Moreover, kidney homogenates from rodents collected from the study area were also analyzed by LipL32 real-time PCR and multi-locus sequence type (MLST) on the basis of the analysis of seven concatenated loci. A total of 13% of the examined sera (95%CI: 11–15) tested positive for one or more serovars of Leptospira MAT detected; antibodies for serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (57%; 95%CI: 49–65) were the most common, followed by serovars Bratislava (22%; 95%CI: 16–28), Canicola (14%; 95%CI: 9–19), and Grippotyphosa (7%; 95%CI: 3–11). MLST analyses on isolates from rodents identified L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii genomospecies. Different serovars belonging to pathogenic Leptospira serogroups are circulating in dogs from the island. Moreover, data obtained from rodents, indicated that rodents likely act as reservoir of spirochetes. Further sero-epidemiological studies are needed in order to obtain data from other collection sites in Sardinia and to increase the information on Leptospira species circulating in this area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Culturing Of Leptospiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dna Extraction and Pcr Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

Piredda

Ponti

Piras

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…We did not observe a host specificity of serogroups and STs for bank voles in our study, as the STs detected in our study were also found in other small mammal species: ST24 was found in the yellow-necked field mouse, the wood mouse, and the Eurasian beaver ( Castor fiber ); ST110 in the yellow-necked field mouse, common vole, field vole and the common shrew ( Sorex araneus ); and ST197 in the common shrew and crowned shrew ( S. coronatus ) [ 53 , 58 , 71 ]. Studies from Europe and Asia also show a high ST diversity among different genera of small mammals [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Serogroups detected in our study were detected worldwide in different host species, e.g., serogroup Australis in swine, goats, cats and dogs [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]; serogroup Grippotyphosa in cattle, sheep, wild boars, dogs and horses [ 16 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]; and serogroup Sejroe in cattle [ 84 , 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Season, Population and Individual Characteristics on the Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Bank Voles in North-West Germany

Schmidt

Obiegala

Imholt

et al. 2021

Biology

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease with more than 1 million human cases annually. Infections are associated with direct contact to infected animals or indirect contact to contaminated water or soil. As not much is known about the prevalence and host specificity of Leptospira spp. in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), our study aimed to evaluate Leptospira spp. prevalence and genomospecies distribution as well as the influence of season, host abundance and individual characteristics on the Leptospira prevalence. Bank voles, which are abundant and widely distributed in forest habitats, were collected in the years 2018 to 2020 in North-West Germany, covering parts of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. The DNA of 1817 kidney samples was analyzed by real-time PCR targeting the lipl32 gene. Positive samples were further analyzed by targeting the secY gene to determine Leptospira genomospecies and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine the sequence type (ST). The overall prevalence was 7.5% (95% confidence interval: 6.4–8.9). Leptospira interrogans (83.3%), L. kirschneri (11.5%) and L. borgpetersenii (5.2%) were detected in bank voles. Increasing body weight as a proxy for age increased the individual infection probability. Only in years with high bank vole abundance was this probability significantly higher in males than in females. Even if case numbers of human leptospirosis in Germany are low, our study shows that pathogenic Leptospira spp. are present and thus a persisting potential source for human infection.

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“…Cases of leptospirosis are registered in all parts of the world inhabited by humans (Vinetz, 2001;Xiao-Juan Ma et al, 2020;Piredda et al, 2021;Philip et al, 2020;Mahtab et al, 2019;Alinaitwe et al, 2019), except Antarctica. Pathogenic leptospira can parasitize in organisms of many species of domestic and wild animals of various systematic and ecological groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic Relations Between Pathogenic Leptospires And Green Algae

Hulai¹,

Hulai²,

Tkachuk³

2021

EREM

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Leptospira interrogans spirochetes belong to a group of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections that cause leptospirosis in many species of wild, farm and domestic animals, as well as humans. Significant economic damage caused by this disease to livestock around the world, numerous cases of death from leptospirosis, and mainly waterborne transmission of the infection determine the topicality of studying all the aspects of the existence of L. interrogans in freshwater ecosystems. The objective of our study was to determine the nature of ecological relationships between L. interrogans and green algae. We used green algae of the Desmodesmus brasiliensis species as a model object. In the experiments, sterile algae culture filtrates were added to L. interrogans containers grown at 27–28 °C. Comparison of the content of spirochete cells in the experiment and control samples, conducted 24 hours after exposure, showed that the reproduction of L. interrogans is markedly inhibited in the samples containing algae secretions at the dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100. In order to reduce resistance to the allelopathic influence of D. brasiliensis algae, leptospira strains were located as follows: Pomona, Australis, Hebdomadis, Canicola, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Tarassovi. The obtained results indicate a complex intraspecific structure of L. interrogans and their high ecological plasticity. In addition, experimental data indicate that, due to the release of biologically active substances into the aquatic environment, green algae have the potential to affect the dynamics of a number of leptospirosis pathogens in situ. Given the important epidemiological and epizootic significance of pathogenic leptospira, further research is necessary to determine the patterns of their interactions and existence in the environment.

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Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Leptospira Species Isolated from Wild Mammal Reservoirs in Sardinia

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study

Influence of Season, Population and Individual Characteristics on the Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Bank Voles in North-West Germany

Biotic Relations Between Pathogenic Leptospires And Green Algae

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