Molecular typing of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from humans, animals and river water in Japan by multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Abstract

Fifty-one Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- (S. 4, [5],12:i:-) isolates (14 human strains, 34 animal strains and 3 river water strains) which are assumed to be monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) in order to investigate their genetic diversities and relationships. PFGE, MLVA and combination of them identified 28, 27 and 34 profiles (Simpson’s diversity indices [DI]=0.94, 0.96 and 0.97), respectively. No correlations were detected between MLVA clustering and PFGE clustering or phage typing. These results suggested that S. 4,[5],12:i:- originated from multiple S. Typhimurium ancestors. Two cattle and one pig isolates showing identical phage types as well as PFGE and MLVA profiles to human isolates S. 4,[5],12:i:- suggested the existence of the links between human infections and animal reservoirs.

Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review

“…Isolates of Salmonella serovar 4,[5],12:i:‐ with similar phage type, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus variable analysis (MLVA) profiles were reported from cattle, pigs and human faeces indicating a key role of animals in human Salmonella infection (Ido et al, ). The correlation of Campylobacter strains in humans and animals is not only restricted to the type of strain but also restricted to their temporal occurrences.…”

Phenotypic and Genotypic Eligible Methods for Salmonella Typhimurium Source Tracking

“…However, when compared the subtyping approaches, MLVA displayed high diversity raising the possibilities to discriminate between and within diverse phage types and AMR types (Table 1 ). Several researches also related that STTR10 was the most variable locus followed by STTR5 and STTR6, and the least diversity was found in STTR3 and STTR9 (Dyet et al, 2011 ; García et al, 2013 ; Ido et al, 2015 ). Although theses researches had found variability in three of the five VNTR loci (STTR5, STTR6, and STTR3), MLVA proved to be efficient in distinguishing closely related S .…”