Molecular Typing of
            <i>Treponema pallidum</i>
            in South Africa: Cross-Sectional Studies

Pillay, Allan; Liu, H.; Ebrahim, Sumayyah; Chen, C. Y.; Lai, Wayne C.; Fehler, Glenda; Ballard, Ronald C.; Steiner, Bret; Sturm, A. W.; Morse, Stephen

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.1.256-258.2002

Cited by 71 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Of note, arp types 4, 11, and 19, tpr type o, and tp0548 sequence types a, g, and i had never been previously reported in China. It seems that the diversity of T. pallidum subtypes might be higher with greater syphilis prevalence, as is seen in South Africa, where there appears to be a high level of strain diversity (15). It is interesting that the proportion of the predominant type 14d is much higher in Shanghai (88.8%) than in other areas, where the proportion of the predominant type varied from 30% to 76%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…A previous small study indicated the CDC subtype 14f is the predominant genotype in Shanghai (10). However, in several small studies from Guangdong and Hunan provinces in China, as well as a recent large national study, CDC subtype 14d is the most common subtype (13,15,(20)(21)(22). In our study, 5-year data also showed that 14d is the predominant subtype, and we did not identify subtype 14f from a single sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: a 5-Year Surveillance in Shanghai, China

Dai

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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bPreviously, a small study showed that 14f was the predominant subtype of Treponema pallidum in Shanghai, China. The result was quite different from the genotype distribution in other areas of China. This study aimed to identify the strain types of Treponema pallidum in samples collected over a 5-year period in Shanghai. From 2007 to 2011, genital swabs were collected from patients with syphilis from the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Positive specimens were typed by the enhanced typing method by adding a tp0548 gene to the existing arp and tpr genotype system. In total, 304 of the 372 enrolled patients yielded fully typeable DNA. Ten arp types (4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 19), 3 tpr types (a, d, and o), and 5 tp0548 types (a, c, f, g, and i) were identified. In total, 12 subtypes were identified with a combination of the arp and tpr genes. Subtype 14d was found in 270 samples (88.8%). When the combination included the tp0548 gene, the 12 CDC subtypes identified were divided into 14 strain types. The predominant type was 14d/f (88.8%), followed by 15d/f (3.6%), 13d/f (1.3%), and 19d/c (1.3%). Two of the 44 14d/f-infected patients and both of the 19d/c-infected patients who underwent a lumbar puncture were diagnosed with neurosyphilis. This study showed that the predominant type in Shanghai was 14d/f. While this is in keeping with data from other areas in China, it is different from an earlier report showing that 14f is the most common genotype in Shanghai. Further studies are needed to better understand the association between strain types and neurosyphilis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: a 5-Year Surveillance in Shanghai, China

Dai

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The analytic sensitivity of the real-time quadriplex PCR assay was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions of purified TPpertenue genomic DNA (CDC-1 strain). The analytical specificity of the PCR assay was verified using DNA purified from 10 laboratory strains of TP-pallidum 8,9 (Nichols, SS 14, Mexico A, JV1, DAL-1, Madras, 1 strain from Maryland, 3 strains from Minnesota) and 11 clinical strains from South Africa, 11 13 laboratory strains of TP-pertenue 8,9 (CDC-1, CDC-2, CDC-2575, Samoa D, Samoa F, Ghana 051, Gauthier, and 6 strains from Indonesia), a clinical strain from Democratic Republic of the Congo, 6 and 2 strains of TP-endemicum (Bosnia A and Iraq B). In addition, a previously used panel of nonpathogenic treponemes (T. denticola, T. refringens, and T. phagedenis) and other microorganisms was included to determine the specificity of the assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Differentiation of Treponema pallidum Subspecies in Skin Ulceration Clinically Suspected as Yaws in Vanuatu Using Real-Time Multiplex PCR and Serological Methods

Chi¹,

Danavall²,

Taleo³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We developed a TaqMan-based real-time quadriplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to simultaneously detect Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, and T. pallidum subsp. endemicum, the causative agents of venereal syphilis, yaws, and bejel, respectively. The PCR assay was applied to samples from skin ulcerations of clinically presumptive yaws cases among children on Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Another real-time triplex PCR was used to screen for the point mutations in the 23S rRNA genes that have previously been associated with azithromycin resistance in T. pallidum subsp. pallidum strains. Seropositivity by the classical syphilis serological tests was 35.5% among children with skin ulcerations clinically suspected with yaws, whereas the presence of T. pallidum subsp. pertenue DNA was only found in lesions from 15.5% of children. No evidence of T. pallidum subsp. pertenue infection, by either PCR or serology was found in~59% of cases indicating alternative causes of yaws-like lesions in this endemic area.

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“…T. pallidum subtypes with a range of 2 to 21 ARP repeats and 7 different RFLP patterns, designated a-g, have been described (126). This method for subtype designation has been applied to patient samples taken from chancres, condyloma lata, mouth scrapings, ear lobe scrapings, blood, CSF, and laboratory-passaged T. pallidum isolates from diverse geographic areas (126)(127)(128)(129)(130)(131)(132)(133)(134). Epidemiological studies of strain types in San Francisco and Seattle in the last decade showed that most are subtype 14d (123,135), which may suggest a linked sexual network, while other studies indicate variation in the distribution of predominant strain types by location in the United States and worldwide (refs.…”

Section: Molecular Strain Typing Of T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease

Lukehart²

2011

J. Clin. Invest.

193

165

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Syphilis is a fascinating and perplexing infection, with protean clinical manifestations and both diagnostic and management ambiguities. Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the agent of syphilis, is challenging to study in part because it cannot be cultured or genetically manipulated. Here, we review recent progress in the application of modern molecular techniques to understanding the biological basis of this multistage disease and to the development of new tools for diagnosis, for predicting efficacy of treatment with alternative antibiotics, and for studying the transmission of infection through population networks.

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Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum in South Africa: Cross-Sectional Studies

Cited by 71 publications

References 4 publications

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: a 5-Year Surveillance in Shanghai, China

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: a 5-Year Surveillance in Shanghai, China

Molecular Differentiation of Treponema pallidum Subspecies in Skin Ulceration Clinically Suspected as Yaws in Vanuatu Using Real-Time Multiplex PCR and Serological Methods

Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease

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