Molecular targets of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy identified by a proteomic approach

Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents

“…specifically against cell-wall, virus polymerase or protease) has inevitably led to the emergence of resistant clones, thus becoming a global threat (Bacon et al 2003;Coen and Whitley 2011;Cortez et al 2011;Memoli et al 2011). Due to ROS-mediated targeting of microbial membranes, membrane proteins, DNA, etc., of various pathogens, PACT represents a broad-spectrum multitargeted approach with very limited, if any, chances for the development of resistant bacteria or viruses (Jori et al 2006, Tavares et al 2010Costa et al 2012b;Dosselli et al 2012;Maisch 2015). PACT has been applied successfully to inactivate bacteria, fungi, protozoans and parasites, especially in topical applications such as skin wounds (burns and diabetic foot ulcers) or oral infections (periodontitis and root canal infections) (Tim 2015).…”

The effects of photodynamic treatment with new methylene blue N on the Candida albicans proteome

“…Their results showed that, with increasing treatment intensity, proteins would form aggregates, resulting in spots disappearing from 2-D gels. Because of the high molecular weight of these protein aggregates, they were only seen in the stacking gel of one-dimensional SDS-PAGE (DOSSELLI et al 2012). Even though we did not perform 1-D SDS-PAGE, it is reasonable to assume that some protein aggregation took place during PDT.…”

“…In turn, this loss of free amino groups changes the isoelectric focusing of myoglobin, resulting in the appearance of more acidic forms ( VAN STEVENINCK and DUBBELMAN 1984). On a side note, it has been shown that these cross-links are lost during sample preparation prior to 1-D SDS-PAGE (i. e. boiling in the presence of SDS/dithiothreitol) (SHEN et al 1996), so that some protein aggregation may have been overlooked during the work of Dosselli (DOSSELLI et al 2012).…”

“…However, 2-DE still finds its application in proteomics (ROGOWSKA-WRZESINSKA et al 2013 (DOSSELLI et al 2012). …”

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections

“…For example, a proteomics study aimed at identifying the molecular targets of APDT of MRSA using tetra-Py + -Me [131] concluded that nucleic acids are not likely a primary target because DNA and RNA damage can be repaired by various repair pathways. It was reported that RecA expression in S. aureus, which triggers the SOS signal for DNA repair, is upregulated during APDT.…”