Molecular study of HCV detection, genotypes and their routes of transmission in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan

Hepatitis C Virus - Proteins, Diagnosis, Treatment and New Approaches for Vaccine Development

“…The mobility of these fragments in the gel shows the approximate lengths of the restricted fragments and identifies the genotype (Monis et al, ???? ;Mizui et al, 1994;Mangia et al, 1997;Zheng et al, 2003;Safi et al, 2012).…”

Untypeable hepatitis C virus subtypes in Pakistan: A neglected section

“…Globally, the anti-HCV prevalence is estimated to be greater than 180 million [1]. Pakistan carries the burden of about 10 million anti-HCV cases [2].…”

“…HCV genotypes may vary in their acquisition route, therapy period, and response to therapy [3]. Genotypes 1-3 are prevalent worldwide, genotype 4 is found in Middle East, genotype 5 in South Africa while genotype 6 in Southeast Asia [2]. In Pakistan, genotype 3 occurs frequently while 3a is the most pervasive HCV subtype followed by 3b, 1a, and a considerable proportion of diagnostically untypeable subtypes [4].…”

Negligence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotyping in Pakistan: Reason for the Increasing Non- Responsiveness to Interferon Therapies

“…The prevalence of Hepatitis C in developing countries is quite high. In Pakistan, approximately 10 million people are infected chronically with HCV [1] with overall prevalence of 6% in general population of Pakistan, with high morbidity and mortality [2].…”

“…There are six major genotypes of HCV (numbered from 1 to 6) although some experts believe that there may be as many as 11 genotypes. Genotypes 1, 2, 3 are found worldwide, HCV genotype 4 is prevalent in the Middle East, Egypt and Africa, 5 in South Africa while genotype 6 is predominant in Southeast Asia [1]. In Pakistan; 1, 2 and 3 are the most prevalent HCV genotypes [2].…”