Molecular phylogeny of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions

Gehrig, Hans; Gaußmann, Oliver; Marx, Harald; Schwarzott, Daniel; Kluge, Manfred

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00447-7

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thirteen bufadienolides (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), including three glycosides, have been reported from B. pinnatum, B. delagoense, B. daigremontianum, and the hybrid B. daigremontianum x tubiflorum (l " Table 1, Fig. 1), mostly in conjunction with various bioactivities such as insecticidal and cytotoxic properties [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Bufadienolidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bryophyllum pinnatum and Related Species Used in Anthroposophic Medicine: Constituents, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Efficacy

et al. 2016

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ReviewsThis document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited.Bryophyllum (see below) [4]. While these reviews describe various compounds and bioactivities, none of them addresses the pharmacological and clinical data that support the therapeutic use of Bryophyllum preparations in European countries. The present review focuses on B. pinnatum, but the few data available on Bryophyllum daigremontianum, Bryophyllum delagoense, and the hybrid Bryophyllum daigremontianum x tubiflorum have also been included. The German homeopathic pharmacopeia (HAB) 2014 [5] lists the two species B. pinnatum and B. daigremontianum as officinal in its monography "Bryophyllum Rh", and both have been used in AM. B. delagoense was introduced in the 1980s as an anthroposophic medicinal product in Germany, primarily for sedative purposes (Personal communication, Dr. med. Siegward-M. Elsas, see Acknowledgments). Botany

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Section: Bufadienolidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bryophyllum pinnatum and Related Species Used in Anthroposophic Medicine: Constituents, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Efficacy

et al. 2016

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“…5 A3 and A4). According to recent phylogenetic studies (38), K. gastonis-bonnieri is sister (Fig. 5A3) to the clade that contains the constitutive plantlet-forming species (Fig.…”

Section: Evolution Of Asexuality In Kalanchoëmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Our molecular and genetic data combined with the most recently published phylogenetic relationships in Kalanchoë (38) allow us to generate a model for how leaf plantlet formation evolved in this genus. An inductive signal triggered by the expression of early acting genes, such as STM, may have initiated a developmental switch to meristematic competence and generated a pool of undifferentiated cells in the leaf-notches.…”

Section: Evolution Of Asexuality In Kalanchoëmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

Garcês

Champagne

Townsley

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

100

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Plant somatic cells have the remarkable ability to regenerate an entire organism. Many species in the genus Kalanchoë , known as ''mother of thousands,'' develop plantlets on the leaf margins. Using key regulators of organogenesis (STM) and embryogenesis (LEC1 and FUS3) processes, we analyzed asexual reproduction in Kalanchoë leaves. Suppression of STM abolished the ability to make plantlets. Here, we report that constitutive plantlet-forming species, like Kalanchoë daigremontiana, form plantlets by coopting both organogenesis and embryogenesis programs into leaves. These species have a defective LEC1 gene and produce nonviable seed, whereas species that produce plantlets only upon stress induction have an intact LEC1 gene and produce viable seed. The latter species are basal in the genus, suggesting that inducedplantlet formation and seed viability are ancestral traits. We provide evidence that asexual reproduction likely initiated as a process of organogenesis and then recruited an embryogenesis program into the leaves in response to loss of sexual reproduction within this genus.nlike animal cells, somatic cells of plants are capable of regenerating the entire adult organism, and this potential for regeneration is called totipotency. In some plants, this ability is used as a mechanism of vegetative reproduction (1) and may represent the only means of reproduction. Species in the genus Kalanchoë (Crassulaceae) reproduce asexually by forming plantlets along their leaf margins. Although some of these species produce plantlets only when placed under stress (induced plantlet-forming species), others spontaneously make plantlets on leaves (constitutive plantlet-forming species). To date, leaf plantlet development in Kalanchoë has been studied extensively at the morphological and anatomical levels (2-10). Although these studies have provided detailed descriptive information, the morphogenic process involved in the origin of these plantlets and the different reproductive strategies undertaken by species of this genus are still not well understood.Genetic analyses of model species have identified key molecular regulators of organogenesis and embryogenesis. Loss-offunction mutations in Arabidopsis SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), a class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) gene, result in plants that are unable to form a shoot apical meristem (SAM) and arrest at the seedling stage (11, 12). Transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing KNOX1 genes form ectopic shoots on leaves (13-15). The Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) gene is expressed during embryogenesis, and its expression pattern is similar in both zygotic and somatic embryos (16)(17)(18). Loss-of-function mutation of LEC1 results in embryos that do not undergo developmental arrest and are nonviable because they are desiccation-intolerant (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Ectopic expression of LEC1 in transgenic plants induces somatic embryos in vegetative cells (16). Because leaf-plantlet formation resembles aspects of both STM and LEC1 overexpression phenotypes, we investigate...

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“…On the other hand plasticity may enhance speciation by allowing large ecological amplitudes (Grime et al 1986;West-Eberhard 1986, 1989, 2003Solbrig 1994;Lüttge 1995aLüttge ,b, 2000Lüttge , 2005Gehrig et al 2001;Lüttge & Scarano 2004). Thus, plastic variation of phenotypes generates biodiversity.…”

Section: Plasticity and Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity and Conservation

Lüttge¹

2010

Nat. Conserv.

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Plasticity is a feature of phenotypes and genotypes. Genetic variation is reflected in phenotypic plasticity. When conservation protects genomes it protects complexity and with complexity it protects the beauty of life. However, plasticity is not to be considered as a stationary distinction of the genome. Phenotypic and genetic plasticity are interrelated via plasticity of gene regulation by intrinsic networks with non-linear dynamics. In the "evo-devo" (evolution -development) perspective of plasticity epigenetic dynamics must be essential, and thus, plasticity may also be considered to be a process. Closely related to plasticity is diversity and this is of enormous concern in conservation. As a feature of space, ecological niches are shaped by spatiotemporal-functional dynamics of plasticity. Plasticity of plants in growth and development is essential for their occupation of space. There is a dual plasticity, i.e. plasticity of species and plasticity of niches. Conservation of protected areas sustains space as a resource of life. Plasticity may either attenuate or accelerate speciation. In the latter case it is a source of biodiversity. The genotypes but also the epigenetic properties of DNA and histone methylation are products of evolution. With the essential role of diversity in the regulation of ecosystem functions and stability this evidently merges evolutionary and ecological aspects. We need to extend the evo-devo to an evo-devo-eco concept. It underlines the prominent role of conservation for developing ethics of respect of past evolutionary heritage and present ecological treasure. Conservation protects biodiversity as an important natural heritage of the biosphere of which man is a biological part by evolution and an operator by culture, on which man is totally dependent, and which by ethical imperative man must conserve.

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Molecular phylogeny of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions

Cited by 76 publications

References 15 publications

Bryophyllum pinnatum and Related Species Used in Anthroposophic Medicine: Constituents, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Efficacy

Bryophyllum pinnatum and Related Species Used in Anthroposophic Medicine: Constituents, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Efficacy

Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

Plasticity and Conservation

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