Molecular phylogeny of Demospongiae: implications for classification and scenarios of character evolution

Borchiellini, Carole; Chombard, Catherine; Manuel, Michaël; Alivon, Eliane; Vacelet, Jean; Boury-Esnault, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.021

Cited by 230 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Unfortunately, molecular phylogenies have failed to resolve the relationships and polarity of the sponge classes, although two scenarios have received most of the support: (i) (Hexactinellida plus Demospongea) (Calcarea plus Eumetazoa) (5,6,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) in which Silicspongea is monophyletic, and (ii) Hexactinellida (Demospongea (Calcarea plus Eumetazoa)) (8,(38)(39)(40)(41), which gives a paraphyletic Silicispongea. The balance of recent molecular phylogenies, based on a range of genes, is approximately equal (42), but with an increasing shift toward silicisponge monophyly [albeit with Homoscleromorpha excluded from both Demospongiae (43) and Silicispongea (44)], particularly in light of corroborative biochemical (7), paleontological (45), and of course mineralogical data. Molecular analyses also consistently identify a close relationship between Calcarea and Ctenophora plus Cnidaria The discovery of an evolutionary intermediate between hexactinellids and calcareans argues strongly against a basal Hexactinellida because this result would require repeated derivation of siliceous spicules secreted onto axial filaments, in hexactinellids and demosponges, and perhaps also Homoscleromorpha.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa , Walcott

Botting

Butterfield

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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The relationships of the sponge classes are controversial, particularly between the calcareous and siliceous sponges. Specimens of the putative calcarean Eiffelia globosa Walcott from the Burgess Shale show the presence of diagnostic hexactinellid spicules integrated into the skeletal mesh. The arrangement of these spicules in Eiffelia is shown to be precisely equivalent to that of early protospongioid hexactinellids, and sponge growth occurred through an identical pattern to produce identical skeletal body morphology. The difference in spicule composition of the classes is interpreted through the observation of taphonomic features of Eiffelia that suggest the presence of at least two mineralogically distinct layers within the spicules. These results support molecular analyses that identify the calcarean-silicisponge transition as the earliest major sponge branch and suggest that the heteractinids were paraphyletic with respect to the Hexactinellida.Cambrian ͉ evolution ͉ Porifera ͉ stem group

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa , Walcott

Botting

Butterfield

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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“…All these three sponge species belong to Demospongiae (subclass Ceractinomorpha) but in different orders: H. erectus to Dictyoceratida, S. carteri to Halichondrida, X. testudinaria to Haplosclerida. Molecular evidence suggested a closer phylogenetic relationship between the orders Halichondrida and Haplosclerida (Borchiellini et al, 2004), but this was not reflected in the associated microbial communities of S. carteri and X. testudinaria. The phylogeny of sponge, especially for Demospongiae, remains far from being clearly resolved (Boury-Esnault, 2006).…”

Section: Influence Of Environment On Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pyrosequencing reveals highly diverse and species-specific microbial communities in sponges from the Red Sea

et al. 2010

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Marine sponges are associated with a remarkable array of microorganisms. Using a tag pyrosequencing technology, this study was the first to investigate in depth the microbial communities associated with three Red Sea sponges, Hyrtios erectus, Stylissa carteri and Xestospongia testudinaria. We revealed highly diverse sponge-associated bacterial communities with up to 1000 microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and richness estimates of up to 2000 species. Altogether, 26 bacterial phyla were detected from the Red Sea sponges, 11 of which were absent from the surrounding sea water and 4 were recorded in sponges for the first time. Up to 100 OTUs with richness estimates of up to 300 archaeal species were revealed from a single sponge species. This is by far the highest archaeal diversity ever recorded for sponges. A non-negligible proportion of unclassified reads was observed in sponges. Our results demonstrated that the sponge-associated microbial communities remained highly consistent in the same sponge species from different locations, although they varied at different degrees among different sponge species. A significant proportion of the tag sequences from the sponges could be assigned to one of the sponge-specific clusters previously defined. In addition, the sponge-associated microbial communities were consistently divergent from those present in the surrounding sea water. Our results suggest that the Red Sea sponges possess highly sponge-specific or even sponge-species-specific microbial communities that are resistant to environmental disturbance, and much of their microbial diversity remains to be explored.

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“…Tetractines (based on tetrahedral symmetry) are present in demosponges (but are probably derived; Borchiellini et al, 2004), and also in Homoscleromorpha and Calcarea, but this symmetry form is unknown (barring fortuitously aberrant spicules) in living or fossil hexactinellids. It is currently unclear to what extent tetractines evolved convergently, and to what extent they are homologous, so that their early record is of significant interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional palaeontological views of demosponge phylogeny (summarised by Reid, 1963) assumed that tetraxonid sponges were basal to other groups. This appears to have been largely a result of the assumed primitiveness of Homoscleromorpha, which include tetraxonid taxa; the Homoscleromorpha, however, are now typically regarded as being more closely allied to Calcarea than to demosponges based on molecular work (e.g., Borchiellini et al, 2004;Erpenbeck and Wörheide, 2007), and are therefore irrelevant to demosponge evolution. Finks (1967) questioned the primitive status of tetraxonids due to their late appearance in the fossil record, but this was based on very incomplete knowledge, and Cambrian tetraxons have been discovered subsequently (Van Kempen, 1985;Bengtson et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of the Cambrian Protomonaxonida (Porifera)

Botting

Muir

Lin

2013

Palaeontologia Electronica

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The Protomonaxonida consist of a heterogeneous group of early fossil sponges traditionally assigned to the demosponges. However, an affinity to the hexactinellid-like Reticulosa has also been suggested, and their relationships are potentially critical to understanding the origins of the extant sponge classes. In this paper, the relationships of the protomonaxonid sponges to each other and to other sponge groups have been reassessed, using previously described specimens as well as new material from the Burgess Shale of Canada and the Hetang Biota of South China. The sponges fall into two coherent groups, one consisting of taxa with long, mostly sub-longitudinal spicules, and the other with complex arrays composed of tracts of minute (millimetre-scale) monaxons, which grade into aspiculate taxa such as the Vauxiidae. Previous ideas relating the Protomonaxonida to extant demosponge lineages are supported in the case of the second group, whereas the first group confirms the view of derivation from a hexactinellid-like ancestor. Whether the two groups were directly related or evolved monaxonid spiculation in parallel is currently uncertain.

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Molecular phylogeny of Demospongiae: implications for classification and scenarios of character evolution

Cited by 230 publications

References 25 publications

Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa , Walcott

Reconstructing early sponge relationships by using the Burgess Shale fossil Eiffelia globosa , Walcott

Pyrosequencing reveals highly diverse and species-specific microbial communities in sponges from the Red Sea

Relationships of the Cambrian Protomonaxonida (Porifera)

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