Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity – A review

Renu, Kaviyarasi; Chakraborty, Rituraj; Myakala, Haritha; Koti, Rajeshwari; Famurewa, Ademola C.; Madhyastha, Harishkumar; Vellingiri, Balachandar; George, Alex; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735

Cited by 327 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Heavy metals such as nickel, arsenic, lead, chromium, mercury, and cadmium share the main target organ, liver, with AFs [96], and it is therefore important to research their interactions. In an in vivo study, AFB 1 and cadmium chloride showed an additive interaction in inducing acute oral toxicity in kunming mice [136].…”

Section: Toxicological Interactions Of Aflatoxins With Other Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

Pickova

Ostrý

Toman

et al. 2021

Toxins

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In the early 1960s the discovery of aflatoxins began when a total of 100,000 turkey poults died by hitherto unknown turkey “X” disease in England. The disease was associated with Brazilian groundnut meal affected by Aspergillus flavus. The toxin was named Aspergillus flavus toxin—aflatoxin. From the point of view of agriculture, aflatoxins show the utmost importance. Until now, a total of 20 aflatoxins have been described, with B1, B2, G1, and G2 aflatoxins being the most significant. Contamination by aflatoxins is a global health problem. Aflatoxins pose acutely toxic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Besides food insecurity and human health, aflatoxins affect humanity at different levels, such as social, economical, and political. Great emphasis is placed on aflatoxin mitigation using biocontrol methods. Thus, this review is focused on aflatoxins in terms of historical development, the principal milestones of aflatoxin research, and recent data on their toxicity and different ways of mitigation.

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Section: Toxicological Interactions Of Aflatoxins With Other Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

Pickova

Ostrý

Toman

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Among the environmental pollutants, cadmium and lead occupy two of the top positions in terms of toxicity and danger to humans and animals (Al-Azemi et al, 2010;Renu et al, 2021). Prolonged contact with these metals and their ingress into the organism of animals, even in small concentrations, inhibit the immune system of the organisms of animals, reduce their resistance to infections and promote development of allergic, autoimmune and oncologic pathologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant status of the organisms of young bulls in the conditions of lead-cadmium load and effect of correcting factors

Slobodian

Gutyj

Darmohray

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Prolonged ingress of heavy metals into the organisms of animals, even in low concentrations, causes a number of toxic impacts, affecting various organs and systems. The objective of this study was to research parameters of enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the system of antioxidant protection of the organism of young cattle in the condition of lead-cadmium load and the effect of Metisevit Plus feed additive. Studies were conducted on the basis of the Private Agricultural Company “Ukraina”, located in Dubrovytsia district of Rivne Oblast, using 12 six-month old bulls of Ukrainian Black Pied Dairy breed divided into two groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Bulls of the control group received the standard diet. The bulls of the experimental group were fed with Metisevit Plus feed additive in the dose of 0.5 g/kg of feed. The contents of lead and cadmium in feed at the enterprise were determined to be high. According to the conducted studies, it was determined that in conditions of cadmium and lead load, there is a decrease in activity of glutathione link of the system of antioxidant protection of the organism of bulls. Feeding the bulls of the experimental group with Metisevit Plus feed additive for 30 days led to increase in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic activities of the glutathione system. Significant increase in the level of reduced glutathione was recorded on days 30 and 40 of the experiment. Consumption of Metisevit Plus by the animals of the experimental group promoted increase in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase starting on the 20th day of the experiment. On days 30 and 40 of the experiment, the activity of the studied enzymes ranged within the physiological values. Therefore, the studies conducted on the bulls indicate that in the conditions of cadmium and lead load the feed additive Metisevit Plus fed to the bulls activated the system of antioxidant protection by increasing the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic links. When feeding bulls of the experimental group with Metisevit Plus feed additive, we determined significant decreases in diene conjugates and TBA-active products in their blood starting already on the 10th day of the experiment. On days 20 and 30 of the experiment, the level of diene conjugates in the blood of animals of the experimental group decreased by 14.5% and 24.0%. Efficiency of the feed additive may be explained by the effect of its constituents on the main pathogenic links of the pathological process caused by cadmium and lead. As indicated in the studies, liquidation of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication restores the functional condition of cellular membranes of the liver, protein-synthesizing function of the liver, increases the antioxidant status of the organisms of bulls. The studies we conducted confirm the expedience of using feed additive Metisevit Plus to prevent lead-cadmium toxicosis.

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“…These toxic elements, even at low amounts, cause severe effects such as renal, cardiovascular, neurological, and bone diseases ( Shalini et al., 2020 ), and brain disorders, gastrointestinal problems, leukemia, thrombotic diseases, and a variety of cancers ( Sharafi et al., 2019a ). Specifically, Hg is neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, and inactivates enzymes leading to hepatoxicity ( Renu et al., 2021 ). Pb is a possible carcinogen and affects cognitive development in children while inorganic arsenic (iAs; the most toxic form of As) is carcinogenic, and damage macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pb is a possible carcinogen and affects cognitive development in children while inorganic arsenic (iAs; the most toxic form of As) is carcinogenic, and damage macromolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. The accumulation of Cd can cause hepatic lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and depletion of glutathione in humans ( Renu et al., 2021 ; ATSDR, 2021 ). Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, As, and Hg may affect critical processes of adult neurogenesis and impair cognitive function and olfaction ( Wang and Matsushita, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health risk assessment of selected metal(loid)s via crayfish (Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) consumption in Missouri

Ikem

Ayodeji

Wetzel

2021

Heliyon

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Farmed crustaceans are an important component in addressing the rising animal protein demand. The present study determined the concentrations of fourteen elements (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, Pb, and Zn) in the edible abdominal muscle of cultured freshwater crayfish species ( Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus ) from Missouri. Also, this paper describes the dietary intake and the human health risks from the consumption of crayfish muscle in the adult population. Overall, 172 animals were captured between February 2017 and January 2018 for assessment. Concentrations of metals (Ag, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Mo, and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the muscle tissue were determined after microwave-assisted acid digestion by ICP - OES. Health indices (EDI/EWI: estimated daily/weekly intakes; THQ: target hazard quotient; TTHQ: total target hazard quotient; ILCR: incremental lifetime cancer risk; and ∑ILCR: cumulative lifetime cancer risk) were calculated and compared to thresholds. Of all samples, the highest concentrations (mg kg −1 wet weight) of metal(loid)s in muscle were Ag (0.11), As (3.15), Be (0.21), Cd (0.11), Co (0.32), Cr (1.22), Cu (107), Fe (23.0), Mn (8.54), Mo (0.62), Ni (2.65), Pb (1.76), Sn (5.91), and Zn (19.2). In both species, the average As, Cd, and Zn concentrations were below the legal limits. However, the levels of Cu, Pb, and As, in some samples, were in exceedance of the maximum levels. In both species, a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between the carapace length (CL) and animal body weight (BW). In P. acutus , CL, BW, and animal total length were homogenous (p > 0.05) among the sexes. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of As, Be, and Zn in F. virilis , and Be and Cr in P. a. acutus among the genders. Significant inter-species differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the levels of Be, Ni, and Pb and the growth factors. The EDI/EWI values were below the permissible limits. THQ and TTHQ values, being below 1.0, indicated no probabilistic health risk. Regarding carcinogenic risk, only As and Ni indicated cancer risk (ILCR >10 −5 and ∑ILCR >10 −5 ) to the adult population. High metals/metalloid exposure from crayfish muscle consumption posed potential health hazards to the adult population.

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Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity – A review

Cited by 327 publications

References 153 publications

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation

Antioxidant status of the organisms of young bulls in the conditions of lead-cadmium load and effect of correcting factors

Human health risk assessment of selected metal(loid)s via crayfish (Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) consumption in Missouri

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