Molecular Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia: An Overview

Picca, Anna; Calvani, Riccardo

doi:10.3390/ijms22063032

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…La sarcopenia implica una disminución progresiva de masa y fuerza o función del músculo esquelético con la edad, lo que implica un mayor riesgo de resultados adversos en salud. Existen procesos que contribuyen a la atrofia muscular y que están relacionados con edad, estado hormonal alterado, inflamación crónica, desequilibrio de la oxidorreducción, pérdida de las neuronas motoras α, disfunción mitocondrial muscular, alteración de la autofagia de miocitos, apoptosis acelerada de los mionúcleos y deterioro de la función de las células satélite (28).…”

Section: Mecanismo Y Prevalencia De La Sarcopenia En El Adulto Mayorunclassified

Sarcopenia y albúmina sanguínea: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis

et al. 2021

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La sarcopenia se caracteriza por la pérdida de musculatura durante el envejecimiento, lo que puede traer consecuencias para la salud. Se detecta de diversas formas, una de ellas, el uso de biomarcadores sanguíneos como la albúmina, aunque todavía no se ha establecido dicha asociación de forma definitiva.Esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis resume el conocimiento sobre la asociación entre sarcopenia y albúmina sérica en los adultos mayores, centrada en la etiología y los factores de riesgo. La revisión se hizo utilizando el programa del Joanna Briggs Institute y la búsqueda incluyó las bases de datos Medline, Embase, CINAHL, y LILACS; la búsqueda manual estuvo a cargo de dos revisores de forma independiente. Para el metaanálisis, se utilizó el programa EpiDat, versión 3.1; las diferencias de medias en los puntajes de lbúmina desagregados por sarcopenia se analizaron mediante el modelo de efectos aleatorios. El grado de heterogeneidad se evaluó con la prueba Q de DerSimonian y Laird.Se analizaron 630 artículos, de los cuales 14 se incluyeron en la revisión. En el metaanálisis, se evidenciaron mayores cantidades de albúmina sanguínea en los adultos mayores que no presentaron sarcopenia frente a los que sí, una diferencia con significación estadística. Aunque hay estudios en los que se explora la asociación entre albúmina y sarcopenia, persiste la necesidad de evaluar la asociación entre los marcadores biológicos, comparándolos entre sí para determinar cuáles pueden utilizarse en la detección de sarcopenia en el adulto mayor.

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Section: Mecanismo Y Prevalencia De La Sarcopenia En El Adulto Mayorunclassified

Sarcopenia y albúmina sanguínea: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis

et al. 2021

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“…Chronic inflammation, loss of α-motor neurons, redox imbalance, altered hormonal status and myocyte autophagy, muscular mitochondrial dysfunction, accelerated apoptosis of myonuclei and impaired satellite cell function are considered the major factors contributing to age-related muscle wasting. Given many of these factors are associated with ageing, sarcopenia is often framed as a geroscience condition [ 21 ]. There are several widely employed definitions for sarcopenia including those from European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1, released in 2010 [ 22 ]; and EWGSOP2 released in 2019 [ 23 ]) and the US Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) [ 20 ].…”

Section: The Concepts Of Malnutrition Frailty and Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and Managing Malnutrition, Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Community: A Narrative Review

2021

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Malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia are becoming increasingly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults; yet are often unidentified and untreated in community settings. There is an urgent need for community-based healthcare professionals (HCPs) from all disciplines, including medicine, nursing and allied health, to be aware of, and to be able to recognise and appropriately manage these conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in the community, including their definitions, prevalence, impacts and causes/risk factors; and guidance on how these conditions may be identified and managed by HCPs in the community. A detailed description of the care process, including screening and referral, assessment and diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation, relevant to the community context, is also provided. Further research exploring the barriers/enablers to delivering high-quality nutrition care to older community-dwelling adults who are malnourished, frail or sarcopenic is recommended, to inform the development of specific guidance for HCPs in identifying and managing these conditions in the community.

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“…Among these options, exercise is a low-cost and non-invasive (gene therapy) method. Exercise stimulates mitochondrial function, improves muscle metabolism, and regulates redox imbalance, muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and apoptosis of muscle cells ( Picca and Calvani, 2021 ). Hence, we review the effects of exercise on sarcopenia and discuss the changes in mitochondrial adaptations due to changes in oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, antioxidant defense mechanisms, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy process, and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and mitochondrial mechanisms in patients with sarcopenia

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia is a severe loss of muscle mass and functional decline during aging that can lead to reduced quality of life, limited patient independence, and increased risk of falls. The causes of sarcopenia include inactivity, oxidant production, reduction of antioxidant defense, disruption of mitochondrial activity, disruption of mitophagy, and change in mitochondrial biogenesis. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of sarcopenia. Oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidant defenses in mitochondria form a vicious cycle that leads to the intensification of mitochondrial separation, suppression of mitochondrial fusion/fission, inhibition of electron transport chain, reduction of ATP production, an increase of mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial biogenesis disorder. On the other hand, exercise adds to the healthy mitochondrial network by increasing markers of mitochondrial fusion and fission, and transforms defective mitochondria into efficient mitochondria. Sarcopenia also leads to a decrease in mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy markers, and mitochondrial network efficiency by increasing the level of ROS and apoptosis. In contrast, exercise increases mitochondrial biogenesis by activating genes affected by PGC1-ɑ (such as CaMK, AMPK, MAPKs) and altering cellular calcium, ATP-AMP ratio, and cellular stress. Activation of PGC1-ɑ also regulates transcription factors (such as TFAM, MEFs, and NRFs) and leads to the formation of new mitochondrial networks. Hence, moderate-intensity exercise can be used as a non-invasive treatment for sarcopenia by activating pathways that regulate the mitochondrial network in skeletal muscle.

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Molecular Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia: An Overview

Abstract: Sarcopenia involves a progressive age‐related decline of skeletal muscle mass and strength/function [...]

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Sarcopenia y albúmina sanguínea: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis

Sarcopenia y albúmina sanguínea: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis

Identifying and Managing Malnutrition, Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Community: A Narrative Review

Exercise and mitochondrial mechanisms in patients with sarcopenia

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