Molecular Hydrogen Outflows in the Central Arcseconds of the T Tauri System

Herbst, Tom; Hartung, Markus; Kasper, Markus; Leinert, Christoph; Ratzka, Thorsten

doi:10.1086/518236

Cited by 17 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Four bright arcs of H 2 emission -associated with both the southeast-northwest flow and the east-west outfloware found within 1 of the stars. In contrast to Böhm & Solf (1994), Herbst et al (2007) associate the east-west flow with one of the components in the T Tau S binary. The southeastnorthwest outflow would then be produced by one of the two remaining stars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This procedure allowed us to isolate and extract the spectra of the two components with minimal blending of the signals. In the J-band image, only T Tau Sb is detected while Sa remains undetected at wavelengths shorter than H-band (Herbst et al 2007). …”

Section: Simultaneous Spectroscopy Of the Individual Starsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Yet, it has never been detected at wavelengths short-wards of the H-band Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile under the programme 60.A-9041(A). (Herbst et al 2007). T Tau Sa is highly variable in the nearinfrared (Beck et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 15 interlocking loops and filaments of H 2 lie within 10 of the stars. Recent high spatial resolution images of H 2 showed that the outflow pattern even in the immediate vicinity of the stars is highly complex (Herbst et al 2007). Four bright arcs of H 2 emission -associated with both the southeast-northwest flow and the east-west outfloware found within 1 of the stars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We present new high spatial resolution data of the H 2 line emission in the inner 2 which enables us to analyse the excitation mechanism of the H 2 gas in unprecedented detail. With the new data together with the data of Herbst et al (2007), we are able to follow the evolution of individual flows on a time base of two years. The derived proper motions present a unique possibility to pin-point the origin of the outflows in T Tau.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin, excitation, and evolution of subarcsecond outflows near T Tauri

Gustafsson

Kristensen

Kasper

et al. 2010

A&A

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Aims. We study the complex H 2 outflows in the inner 300 AU of the young triple star system T Tauri, with the goal of understanding the origin, excitation and evolution of the circumstellar matter. Methods. Using high spatial resolution, integral-field spectroscopy in the J and K photometric bands from SINFONI/VLT, we trace the spatial distribution of 12 H 2 ro-vibrational emission lines, as well as one forbidden Fe II line. The ratio of line strengths provides a two-dimensional view of both the variable extinction and excitation temperature in this region, while the line-center velocities, coupled with previously published imagery, allow an assessment of the 3D space velocities and evolution of the outflows. Results. Several spatially distinct flows -some with a bow shock structure -appear within 1. 5 of the stars. Data taken two years apart clearly show the evolution of these flows. Some structures move and evolve, while others are stationary in the plane of the sky. The two-dimensional extinction map shows that the extinction between T Tau N and T Tau S is very high. In addition to being clumpy the extincting material forms part of a filament that extends to the east of the stars. In areas with strong line emission, the v = 1-0 S (1)/v = 2-1 S (1) line ratio ranges from 8 to 20, indicating that all of the observed H 2 is shock excited. The outflows in the immediate vicinity of T Tau S span ∼270 • and are all blue-shifted, suggesting that they are produced by more than one star. We propose that T Tau N drives the east-west outflow, while T Tau Sa and T Tau Sb are the sources of the southeast-northwest and a previously undetected southwest outflow, respectively. There is a large spatial overlap between the [Fe II] line emission and previously measured UV fluorescent H 2 emission, showing that both may be produced in J-shocks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Simultaneous Spectroscopy Of the Individual Starsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The origin, excitation, and evolution of subarcsecond outflows near T Tauri

Gustafsson

Kristensen

Kasper

et al. 2010

A&A

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Spatially resolved mid-infrared observations of the triple system T Tauri

Ratzka

Schegerer

Leinert

et al. 2009

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Aims. The aim of this study is to enhance our knowledge of the characteristics and distribution of the circumstellar dust associated with the individual components of the young hierarchical triple system T Tau. Methods. To reach this goal, observations in the N-band (8-13 μm) with the two-telescope interferometric instrument MIDI at the VLTI were performed. For the northern component of the T Tau system, projected baseline lengths of 43 m, 62 m, and 85 m were used. For the southern binary projected baseline lengths of equivalent resolution could be utilised. Our study is based on both the interferometric and the spectrophotometric measurements and is supplemented by new visual and infrared photometry. Also, the phases were investigated to determine the dominating mid-infrared source in the close southern binary. The data were fit with the help of a sophisticated physical disc model. This model utilises the radiative transfer code MC3D that is based on the Monte-Carlo method. Results. Extended mid-infrared emission is found around all three components of the system. Simultaneous fits to the photometric and interferometric data confirm the picture of an almost face-on circumstellar disc around T Tau N. Towards this star, the silicate band is seen in emission. This emission feature is used to model the dust content of the circumstellar disc. Clear signs of dust processing are found. Towards T Tau S, the silicate band is seen in absorption. This absorption is strongly pronounced towards the infrared companion T Tau Sa as can be seen from the first individual N-band spectra for the two southern components. Our fits support the previous suggestion that an almost edge-on disc is present around T Tau Sa. This disc is thus misaligned with respect to the circumstellar disc around T Tau N. The interferometric data indicate that the disc around T Tau Sa is oriented in the north-south direction, which favours this source as launching site for the east-western jet. We further determine from the interferometric data the relative positions of the components of the southern binary in the N-band. We find good agreement with recent position measurements in the near-infrared.

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An outflow origin of the [Ne II] emission in the T Tauri triplet

Boekel

Güdel

Henning

et al. 2009

A&A

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Context. The 12.81 μm [Ne ii] line has recently gained interest as a potential tracer of gas in the tenuous surface layers of circumstellar disks and in outflow-related shocks. Evidence has been found for a proportionality between [Ne ii] emission and X-ray luminosity, supporting the hypothesis that X-rays are responsible for the required ionization and heating of the gas. Alternatively, ionization and heating by EUV photons and in J-type (dissociative) shocks has been proposed. Aims. The T Tau multiple system harbors three stars with circumstellar disks, at least one strong X-ray source (T Tau N), and regions of shocked gas in the immediate vicinity. ISO and Spitzer spectra revealed remarkably strong [Ne ii] emission, but because of insufficient spatial and spectral resolution those observations could neither pinpoint where in the system the [Ne ii] emission arises, nor identify the emission mechanism. We aim to clarify this by observing the system with enough resolution to spatially separate the various components and spectrally resolve the line emission. Methods. We performed high-resolution (R = 30 000) spectroscopy of the T Tau triplet at ∼0. 4 spatial resolution with VISIR at the VLT early February 2008. We spatially separated T Tau N from the southern close binary T Tau S, as well as the structures of shocked gas surrounding the stars. The individual southern components Sa and Sb remained spatially unresolved in our observations. Conclusions. Our observations show that outflows rather than the disk surface may dominate the observed [Ne ii] emission in stars with strong outflow activity. We propose [Ne ii] emission in jets as a major factor causing the observed large scatter in the L X vs.L [Ne II] relation. We argue that T Tau S is the driving source of the T Tau "NW-blob".

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Molecular Hydrogen Outflows in the Central Arcseconds of the T Tauri System

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

The origin, excitation, and evolution of subarcsecond outflows near T Tauri

The origin, excitation, and evolution of subarcsecond outflows near T Tauri

Spatially resolved mid-infrared observations of the triple system T Tauri

An outflow origin of the [Ne II] emission in the T Tauri triplet

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