Abstract:The Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis, inhabits riverine and marine areas of Southern Gulf of Mexico, where it is subject to intense use and exploitation. It has been reported that the genetic identification of fish stocks constitutes a valuable tool for wild population management; nevertheless, there is no available information on the genetic identification on fish stocks of this species in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic relationship between C. undecimalis captured in marine and freshwater environments of the Gulf of Mexico and the San Pedro River. For this, muscle tissue samples of 79 specimens were obtained from areas located more than 300km apart. The genotype of each individual was determined using seven microsatellite primer pairs. Five primers amplified efficiently presenting between six and 28 alleles per locus. High levels of heterozygosis were observed in samples from both environments. Deviation from HWE due to an excess of heterozygotes was observed. The values of genetic difference indicate an absence of population structure (F ST =0.0075 and R ST =0.016, p=0.051) and similarity in the allele frequencies, defined by Nei's index (0.805). Data showed the existence of a high gene flow due to the number of migrants (Nm=18.7). Our results suggest that individuals living in these environments belong to the same genetic population. We suggest the development of management and protection plans for this fish species population in the wild. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 627-636. Epub 2014 June 01.Key words: genetic diversity, microsatellite, Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis, Grijalva-Usumacinta fluvial system, Gulf of Mexico.The Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis, is a euryhaline species with migratory activity between marine, estuarine and fluvial environments throughout its life cycle. Its geographic range is limited to the Atlantic coast of the American continent, extending from Florida, USA, to Brazil (McMichael, Peters, & Parsons, 1989;Tringali & Bert, 1996;Tringali, Bert, & Seyoum, 1999;Taylor, Whittington, Grier, & Crabtree, 2000). Reproduction of C. undecimalis in the Gulf of Mexico has been reported to occur in subtidal areas along the coast or within estuaries and coastal lagoons. Spawning takes place between April and September at salinities ranging from 28 to 35psu (Tucker, 1987;Tringali & Bert, 1996; (Anonymous, 2006;Perera, Mendoza, Contreras, Huerta, & Pérez, 2011;Perera-García et al., 2013). Capture is strongly associated to migratory movements in freshwater ecosystems; while in the coastal zone, capture is linked to spawning events. These situations can promote stock depletion with potential detrimental effects on population conservation (Perera et al., 2011).The Grijalva-Usumacinta fluvial system is the largest in Central America; it discharges into the Gulf of Mexico at the Campeche Bank area. One of the most important tributaries of this system is the San Pedro River -a freshwater tributary-located near the border with Guatemala. This river ...