Molecular, genetic, cellular, and network functions in the spinal cord and brainstem

Stein, P. D.

doi:10.1111/nyas.12083

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For example, when compared with those of the cortex, neuronal circuitries in the brain stem might not require a massive combination of distinct spatiotemporal patterns, although circuitries should be able to maintain optimum sensitivity to stimulus. Notably, a large variety of neuronal subtypes in the brain stem have been described [ 33 , 34 ]. The role of morphological heterogeneity, which may underlie variations in the connectivity degree, in the formation of networks with decreased entropy is a matter that needs to be empirically investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing information processing in neuronal networks beyond critical states

2017

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Critical dynamics have been postulated as an ideal regime for neuronal networks in the brain, considering optimal dynamic range and information processing. Herein, we focused on how information entropy encoded in spatiotemporal activity patterns may vary in critical networks. We employed branching process based models to investigate how entropy can be embedded in spatiotemporal patterns. We determined that the information capacity of critical networks may vary depending on the manipulation of microscopic parameters. Specifically, the mean number of connections governed the number of spatiotemporal patterns in the networks. These findings are compatible with those of the real neuronal networks observed in specific brain circuitries, where critical behavior is necessary for the optimal dynamic range response but the uncertainty provided by high entropy as coded by spatiotemporal patterns is not required. With this, we were able to reveal that information processing can be optimized in neuronal networks beyond critical states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing information processing in neuronal networks beyond critical states

2017

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“…Spinal cord CPGs serve as model systems to study mechanisms of production of rhythmic motor behaviors by neuronal networks (Brown 1914;Grillner 1981;Stein 2013). A variety of methods reveal multipartite organization of CPGs: deletions (Stein 2008); clusters in motor-pattern phase space (Krouchev et al 2006;Krouchev and Drew 2013); motor primitives (Giszter and Hart 2013); factorization of muscle activity patterns (Dominici et al 2011); neurogenetics (Hinckley et al 2015;Talpalar et al 2013); and optogenetics (Hagglund et al 2013;Hinckley et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular organization of the multipartite central pattern generator for turtle rostral scratch: knee-related interneurons during deletions

Stein

Daniels-McQueen

Lai

et al. 2016

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neuronal networks in the spinal cord that generate rhythmic patterns of motor activity in the absence of movement-related sensory feedback. For many vertebrate rhythmic behaviors, CPGs generate normal patterns of motor neuron activities as well as variations of the normal patterns, termed deletions, in which bursts in one or more motor nerves are absent from one or more cycles of the rhythm. Prior work with hip-extensor deletions during turtle rostral scratch supports hypotheses of hip-extensor interneurons in a hip-extensor module and of hip-flexor interneurons in a hip-flexor module. We present here single-unit interneuronal recording data that support hypotheses of knee-extensor interneurons in a knee-extensor module and of knee-flexor interneurons in a knee-flexor module. Members of knee-related modules are not members of hip-related modules and vice versa. These results in turtle provide experimental support at the single-unit interneuronal level for the organizational concept that the rostral-scratch CPG for the turtle hindlimb is multipartite, that is, composed of more than two modules. This work, when combined with experimental and computational work in other vertebrates, does not support the classical view that the vertebrate limb CPG is bipartite with only two modules, one controlling all the flexors of the limb and the other controlling all the extensors of the limb. Instead, these results support the general principle that spinal CPGs are multipartite.

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Decoding the organization of spinal circuits that control locomotion

2016

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Unravelling the functional operation of neuronal networks and linking cellular activity to specific behavioural outcomes are among the biggest challenges in neuroscience. In this broad field of research, substantial progress has been made in studies of the spinal networks that control locomotion. Through united efforts using electrophysiological and molecular genetic network approaches and behavioural studies in phylogenetically diverse experimental models, the organization of locomotor networks has begun to be decoded. The emergent themes from this research are that the locomotor networks have a modular organization with distinct transmitter and molecular codes and that their organization is reconfigured with changes to the speed of locomotion or changes in gait.

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Molecular, genetic, cellular, and network functions in the spinal cord and brainstem

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Optimizing information processing in neuronal networks beyond critical states

Optimizing information processing in neuronal networks beyond critical states

Modular organization of the multipartite central pattern generator for turtle rostral scratch: knee-related interneurons during deletions

Decoding the organization of spinal circuits that control locomotion

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