Molecular Diversity of the Lyssavirus Genus

Bourhy, Hervé; Kissi, B.; Tordo, Noël

doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1236

Cited by 307 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

183

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of the seven taxonomic species and four putative members of the genus Lyssavirus, all have reservoirs in bats except for Mokola virus (WHO, 2005). In Europe, bat rabies is caused by two different lyssaviruses, European bat lyssavirus types 1 (EBLV-1) and 2 (EBLV-2), also referred to as genotypes 5 and 6 (Bourhy et al, 1992). Based on molecular characterization, EBLV-1 can be divided into the sublineages 1a and 1b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) with European bat lyssavirus type 1a

Freuling

Vos

Johnson³

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) accounts for the vast majority of bat rabies cases in Europe and is considered the main reservoir for European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1, genotype 5). However, so far the disease has not been investigated in its native host under experimental conditions. To assess viral virulence, dissemination and probable means of transmission, captive bats were infected experimentally with an EBLV-1a virus isolated from a naturally infected conspecific from Germany. Twenty-nine wild caught bats were divided into five groups and inoculated by intracranial (i.c.), intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection or by intranasal (i.n.) inoculation to mimic the various potential routes of infection. One group of bats was maintained as uninfected controls. Mortality was highest in the i.c.-infected animals, followed by the s.c. and i.m. groups. Incubation periods varied from 7 to 26 days depending on the route of infection. Rabies did not develop in the i.n. group or in the negative-control group. None of the infected bats seroconverted. Viral antigen was detected in more than 50 % of the taste buds of an i.c.-infected animal. Shedding of viable virus was measured by virus isolation in cell culture for one bat from the s.c. group at 13 and 14 days post-inoculation, i.e. 7 days before death. In conclusion, it is postulated that s.c. inoculation, in nature caused by bites, may be an efficient way of transmitting EBLV-1 among free-living serotine bats.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) with European bat lyssavirus type 1a

Freuling

Vos

Johnson³

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eptesicus serotinus appears to be the principal reservoir for EBL1 and Myotis dasycneme and M. daubentonii the reservoirs for EBL2. different serotypes (Koprowski et al, 1985 ;Schneider et al, 1973 ;Wiktor et al, 1984) and genotypes (Bourhy et al, 1992. Bats were also found to be virus-positive in Asia but no strain identifications were reported (Smith et al, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies based on the sequences of the nucleoprotein gene of four EBL established that these viruses can be further subdivided into two different genotypes of lyssavirus : genotype 5 (or EBL1) and genotype 6 (or EBL2) (Bourhy et al, 1992. Protection and seroneutralization experiments (Fekadu et al, 1988 ;Lafon et al, 1986Lafon et al, , 1988 and evaluations of the cellular immune response after vaccination (Celis et al, 1988 ;Herzog et al, 1991Herzog et al, , 1992Joffret et al, 1990 ;Perrin et al, 1991) have demonstrated the weak efficacy of conventional rabies vaccines of genotype 1 against infection by EBL1, EBL2 and DUV isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of European bat lyssaviruses.

Amengual

Whitby²,

King

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

131

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forty-seven European bat lyssaviruses (EBL) and two African insectivorous bat lyssaviruses (Duvenhage viruses) were selected for a comparison to be made of their evolutionary relationships. Studies were based on direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified products of the 400 nucleotides coding for the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein. Phylogenetic relationships were analysed after bootstrap resampling using the maximum parsimony and the neighbour-joining methods. Analyses of both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences placed these viruses in three separate clusters, namely genotype 4 (Duvenhage), genotype 5 (EBL1) and genotype 6 (EBL2). Evolutionary

show abstract

“…The standard inoculation procedure consisted of washing monolayers once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and overlaying them with serum-free medium containing the virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 or 30. Lyssaviruses belonging to three different genotypes (8) were used to infect cells. Thailand virus, referred to below as THA (isolate 8743THA, genotype 1), was isolated in Thailand from a human bitten by a dog (69).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyssavirus Matrix Protein Induces Apoptosis by a TRAIL-Dependent Mechanism Involving Caspase-8 Activation

Kassis¹,

Larrous²,

Estaquier

et al. 2004

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lyssaviruses, which are members of the Rhabdoviridae family, induce apoptosis, which plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of rabies. However, the mechanisms by which these viruses mediate neuronal apoptosis have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that the early induction of apoptosis in a model of lyssavirus-infected neuroblastoma cells involves a TRAIL-dependent pathway requiring the activation of caspase-8 but not of caspase-9 or caspase-10. The activation of caspase-8 results in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6, as shown by an increase in the cleavage of the specific caspase substrate in lyssavirus-infected cells. However, neither caspase-1 nor caspase-2 activity was detected during the early phase of infection. Lyssavirus-mediated cell death involves an interaction between TRAIL receptors and TRAIL, as demonstrated by experiments using neutralizing antibodies and soluble decoy TRAIL-R1/R2 receptors. We also demonstrated that the decapsidation and replication of lyssavirus are essential for inducing apoptosis, as supported by UV inactivation, cycloheximide treatment, and the use of bafilomycin A1 to inhibit endosomal acidification. Transfection of cells with the matrix protein induced apoptosis using pathways similar to those described in the context of viral infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that the matrix protein of lyssaviruses plays a major role in the early induction of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by the release of a soluble, active form of TRAIL. In our model, Fas ligand (CD95L) appears to play a limited role in lyssavirus-mediated neuroblastoma cell death. Similarly, tumor necrosis factor alpha does not appear to play an important role.

show abstract

Molecular Diversity of the Lyssavirus Genus

Cited by 307 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental infection of serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) with European bat lyssavirus type 1a

Experimental infection of serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) with European bat lyssavirus type 1a

Evolution of European bat lyssaviruses.

Lyssavirus Matrix Protein Induces Apoptosis by a TRAIL-Dependent Mechanism Involving Caspase-8 Activation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About