Molecular diagnosis of Pseudoterranova decipiens s.s in human, France

Abstract

Background Anisakis and Pseudoterranova are the main genera involved in human infections caused by nematodes of the Anisakidae family. Species identification is complicated due to the lack of differential morphological characteristics at the larval stage, thus requiring molecular differentiation. Pseudoterranova larvae ingested through raw fish are spontaneously eliminated in most cases, but mechanical removal by means of endoscopy might be required. To date, only very few cases of Pseudoterranova infection have been reported in France.Case presentationA 19-year-old woman from Northeastern France detected, while brushing her teeth, a larva exiting through her mouth. The patient who presented with headache, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps reported having eaten baked cod. The worm was a fourth-stage larva with a size of 22 × 0.9 mm, and molecular biology identified it as Pseudoterranova decipiens sensu stricto (s. s.). In a second P. decipiens infection case, occurring a few months later, a worm exited through the patient’s nose after she had eaten raw sea bream.ConclusionThese two cases demonstrate that Pseudoterranova infection is not uncommon among French patients. Therefore, molecular techniques should be more widely applied for a better characterization of anisakidosis epidemiology in France.

First record of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae) infecting the Red spot emperor Lethrinus lentjan in the Red Sea

“…Molecular approaches to delimiting and identifying anisakid nematodes have markedly influenced our understanding of their systematics and biodiversity (NADLER & HUDSPETH, 1998KELLERMANNS et al, 2007;BRUNET et al, 2017). In the present study, a nuclear rDNA region of 350 bp was amplified by using NC5 and NC2 primers and revealed sequence similar to homologous regions within the nuclear ribosomal sequence of other Pseudoterranova decipiens described previously.…”

Nasal localization of aPseudoterranova decipienslarva in a Danish patient with suspected allergic rhinitis

“…To the best of the patient's recall, the exposure had taken place at least six (raw fish consumption) and nine (swimming/bathing) months prior to the emergence of the worm. A prolonged survival time in a patient was previously reported by Brunet et al (2017), but the present case suggests that it is possible for a P. decipiens third-stage larva to reside in a patient for more than half a year. The association with symptoms of allergic rhinitis is noteworthy and not reported previously.…”

“…Penetration into and through the host stomach wall (Little & MacPhail, 1972;Yu et al, 2001) or even further (Amin et al, 2000) are described, but several cases also show that the worm larva may leave the patient per os (Kliks, 1983;Arizono et al, 2011;Dupouy-Camet et al, 2014). A single nasal infection of a French female patient was reported by Brunet et al (2017). During the latest decades, the seal populations in Danish waters have increased considerably (Haarder et al, 2014;Zuo et al, 2018), and with the expanding final host occurrence the infection of cod with P. decipiens has increased markedly from a low level in the 1990s (Myjak et al, 1994) to a higher level in recent years (Skov et al, 2009;Buchmann & Kania, 2012;Mehrdana et al, 2014) and, consequently, the risk of human infections with seal worm is likely to increase.…”

A case of hepatic anisakiasis caused by Pseudoterranova decipiens mimicking metastatic liver cancer

“…The Pseudoterranova decipiens sensu lato, referred to as Pseudoterranova spp., species complex consists of at least 5 sibling species which are genetically but not morphologically distinguishable: P. decipiens sensu stricto, P. azarasi, P. cattani, P. krabbei , and P. bulbosa [ 6 ]. Among these siblings, P. decipiens sensu stricto , P. azarashi, and P. cattani were reported to be the sibling species related to human infection [ 6 , 17 , 23 , 24 ]. Geographic distribution of the 5 sibling species of the P. decipiens complex differs somewhat.…”