Molecular detection of colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3) in nasal/oropharyngeal and anal/cloacal swabs from pigs and poultry

Zhang, Jilei; Chen, Li; Wang, Jiawei; Yassin, Afrah Kamal; Butaye, Patrick; Kelly, Patrick J.; Gong, Jicheng; Guo, Weina; Li, Jing; Li, Min; Yang, Feng; Zhao, Feng; Jiang, Ping; Song, Chunlian; Wang, Yaoyao; You, Jinfeng; Yang, Yi; Price, Stuart; Qi, Kezong; Kang, Yuan; Wang, Chengming

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22084-4

Cited by 84 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The mcr -1 prevalence was 68.86 % (303/440) in pigs, 87.58 % (388/443) in chicken, and 71.43 % (30/42) in cattle, compared with mcr -2 prevalence of 46.82 % (206/440) in pigs, 14.90 % (66/443) in chicken, and 19.05 % (8/42) in cattle. The mcr variant gene prevalence reported by [17] was considerably higher than ours and those previously reported in China which was based on the presence of the mcr in bacterial isolates. They directly detected the clinical samples instead of isolated E.coi strains and sequenced three variants of mcr -1, mcr -2, and mcr -3 [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The mcr variant gene prevalence reported by [17] was considerably higher than ours and those previously reported in China which was based on the presence of the mcr in bacterial isolates. They directly detected the clinical samples instead of isolated E.coi strains and sequenced three variants of mcr -1, mcr -2, and mcr -3 [17]. The mcr-1 and mcr-2 occurred widely in pigs and poultry of Chinese farms [17–18].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…They directly detected the clinical samples instead of isolated E.coi strains and sequenced three variants of mcr -1, mcr -2, and mcr -3 [17]. The mcr-1 and mcr-2 occurred widely in pigs and poultry of Chinese farms [17–18]. Except harbouring the mcr genes, a mcr -independent mechanism behind the remaining colistin resistant E.coli colonies, for example, lipopolysaccharide modification [19], other (transferable) colistin-resistant mechanisms, and undefined mechanisms exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province, China

Zhang

Zhang²,

Yu³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The global dissemination of colistin resistance has received a great deal of attention. Recently, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains from animals, food, and patients in China have been reported continuously. To make clear the colisin resistance and mcr gene spread in domestic animals in Jiangsu Province, we collected fecael swabs from pigs, chicken and cattle at different age distributed in intensive feeding farms. The selected chromogenic agar and mcr-PCR were used to screen the colisin resistance and mcr gene carriage. Colistin resistant E.coli colonies were identified from 54.25 % (440/811) pig faecal swabs, from 35.96 % (443/1232) chicken faecal swabs, and 26.92 % (42/156) from cattle faecal swabs. Of all the colisin resistant E.coli colonies, the positive amplifications of mcr-1 were significantly higher than mcr-2. The mcr-1 prevalence was 68.86 % (303/440) in pigs, 87.58 % (388/443) in chicken, and 71.43 % (30/42), compared with 46.82 % (206/440) in pigs, 14.90 % (66/443) in chicken, and 19.05 % (8/42) in cattle of prevalence of mcr-2. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 was identified in 20 % (88/440) in pigs, 7.22 % (32/443) in chickens, and in 9.52 % (4/42) cattle. These data indicate that mcr was the most important colistin resistance mechanism. Interventions and alternative options are necessary to minimise further dissemination of mcr between food-producing animals and human.IMPORTANCEColistin is recognized one of the last defence lines for the treatment of highly resistant bacteria, but the emergence of resistance that conferred by a transferable plasmid-mediated mcr genes to this vital antibiotic is extremely disturbing. Here, we used E. coli as an index to monitor drug resistance in domestic animals (pigs, chicken and cattle). It was found that the colistin resistance widely occurred at all ages of domestic animals and the mcr-dependent mechanism dominated in E.coli. We also found that the elder and adult animals were a reservoir of resistant strains, suggesting a potential food safety issue and greater public health problems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province, China

Zhang

Zhang²,

Yu³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…It shared 77% nucleotide sequence identity with mcr-1 and was located on an IncX4 plasmid. The mcr-2 gene has been sporadically identified so far (248). In addition, further mcr genes-mcr-3 to mcr-7-and variants thereof have been described.…”

Section: Plasmid-mediated Polymyxin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia coli

et al. 2018

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Multidrug resistance in has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.

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“…On the other hand, in Germany, Roschanski et al (2017) described the occurrence of E. coli with mcr-1 in 9.9% of pig samples from 25.9% of pig farms examined. However, direct PCR testing of genes without sample enrichment showed a high prevalence of mcr-1 in China and the presence of mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 in rectal/cloacal and nasal/oropharyngeal swabs from pigs and poultry Zhang et al, 2018). The mcr-1 gene was identified in up to 79.2% samples from pigs and in 31.8% of poultry samples .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dissemination and Comparison of Genetic Determinants of mcr-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae via Retailed Raw Meat Products

et al. 2019

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The global food chain may significantly promote the dissemination of bacteria resistant to antibiotics around the world. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae with mcr-mediated colistin (CT) resistance in retail meat of different origins. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family carrying the mcr-1 gene were detected in 21% (18/86) of the examined samples, especially in turkey meat and liver originating from EU and non-EU countries (19%) and in rabbit meat imported from China (2%). The examined samples of the meat and liver of chicken and other poultry and of pork and beef were negative for the presence of bacteria carrying the mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. A huge number of isolates belonging to Escherchia coli (n = 54), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 6), and Citrobacter braakii (n = 1) carrying the mcr-1 gene were obtained. Despite the high heterogeneity of the tested isolates, the mcr-1 gene was localized on only three types of plasmids (IncX4, IncHI2, and IncI2). The most frequent type of plasmid was IncX4, which carried the mcr-1 gene in 77% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from turkey meat and liver samples from the Czechia, Germany, Poland, and Brazil. Our findings indicate highly probable interspecies transfer of IncX4 and IncI2 plasmids within one meat sample. The co-resistance of plasmid-mediated CT resistance encoded by the mcr-1 and ESBL genes was detected in 18% of the isolates. Another noteworthy finding was the fosA3 gene coding for fosfomycin resistance in a multidrug-resistant isolate of E. coli from rabbit meat imported from China. The observed high level of Enterobacteriaceae with plasmids carrying the mcr-1 gene in retail meat reflects the need for Europe-wide monitoring of mcr-mediated CT resistance throughout the whole food chain.

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Molecular detection of colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3) in nasal/oropharyngeal and anal/cloacal swabs from pigs and poultry

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province, China

Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province, China

Antimicrobial Resistance inEscherichia coli

Dissemination and Comparison of Genetic Determinants of mcr-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae via Retailed Raw Meat Products

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