Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Omer, Emad; Elfehid, Mohammed; Alwazan, Abdelatiff; Alouffi, Abdulaziz; Alshammari, Fahdah Ayed; Eldesoukey, Ibrahim E.; Sultan, Khaled

doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2021.06.010

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The total detection rate of Anaplasma in this study was higher than that reported by others from Arabian camels in Saudi Arabia (40.55% and 42.39%, respectively) [8,19], as well as Egypt (34.1%) [11] and Morocco (39.62%) [20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Anaplasma marginale MSP5 gene was amplified using extracted DNA and the indicated primer sets AMF: 5′-ACAGGCGAAGAAGCAGACAT-3′ and AMR: 5′-ATAAATGGGAACACGGTGGA-3′ [8,16].…”

Section: Molecular Detection Of Major Surface Protein 5 (Msp5) In a M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventionally, thin blood smears stained with Giemsa are used to diagnose anaplasmosis in animals suspected of having acute disease; however, these smears are not suitable for detecting subclinical infection in carriers [8]. Alternatively, serological assays, including the card agglutination test, complement fixation test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can be used to detect Anaplasma-specific antibodies [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq

2023

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Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis, an underestimated disease transmitted by ticks, is widespread in ruminants, such as the Arabian camel (dromedary camel). This study aimed to examine the presence of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels in the Al-Hiadyia region of the Al-Najaf desert, Iraq, using serological and molecular tests. Moreover, hematological and biochemical changes in infected animals were compared with those in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 healthy and 260 infected camels with severe anemia, pale mucus membranes, and progressive emaciation to investigate antibodies against A. marginale using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by polymerase chain reaction for selected positive samples targeting a specific region of A. marginale major surface protein 5 (MSP5). In addition, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured to indicate the effect of the disease on blood profile, mineral status, and liver and kidney functions. Results: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and microscopic examination revealed that 115/260 (44.23%) and 87 (33.46%) camels were positive for Anaplasma spp., respectively. The MSP5 gene, which is unique to A. marginale, was amplified. The results of hematological analysis indicated a significant decrease in total red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume and a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume in infected camels, but no difference in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Moreover, there was a significant increase in total white blood cells count, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelets. The results of biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and iron and a decrease in copper in infected camels. Cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant variations between healthy and diseased camels. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study to demonstrate the presence of A. marginale in dromedary camels in Iraq. The MSP5 gene is a valuable and unique diagnostic target for identifying A. marginale. Keywords: Anaplasma marginale, biochemical parameters, dromedary Camel, hematological parameters, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Anaplasma marginale MSP5 gene was amplified using extracted DNA and the indicated primer sets AMF: 5′-ACAGGCGAAGAAGCAGACAT-3′ and AMR: 5′-ATAAATGGGAACACGGTGGA-3′ [8,16].…”

Section: Molecular Detection Of Major Surface Protein 5 (Msp5) In a M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq

2023

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“…2 Similar to mammals, camels have a thick layered epitheliochorial placenta, which prevents the transplacental transfer of IgG. 3 Therefore, newborns rely on the ingestion and absorption of immunoglobulins from colostrum. 4 The canonical view of antibodies as molecules composed of two heavy chains and two light chains was revised following the analysis of total and fractionated IgG molecules in the serum of a Camelus dromedarius by Hamers et al in 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colostrum is generally referred to as the first milk produced after parturition and is characterized by its very high level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2 . Similar to mammals, camels have a thick layered epitheliochorial placenta, which prevents the transplacental transfer of IgG 3 . Therefore, newborns rely on the ingestion and absorption of immunoglobulins from colostrum 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐enzymatic glycation and aggregation of camel immunoglobulins induce breast cancer cell proliferation

Alafaleq,

Alruwaished,

Khan

et al. 2023

J of Molecular Recognition

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Glycation of biomolecules results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been implicated in the progression of various diseases, including diabetes and cancer. This study purified three IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3) from Camelus dromedarius colostrum using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographic procedures. SDS‐PAGE was performed to confirm the purity and molecular weight of the IgG subclasses. Several biochemical and biophysical techniques were employed to study the effect of glycation on camel IgG using methylglyoxal (MGO), a dicarbonyl sugar. Early glycation measurement showed an increase in the fructosamine content by ~four‐fold in IgG2, ~two‐fold in IgG3, and a slight rise in IgG1. AGEs were observed in all classes of IgGs with maximum hyperchromicity (96.6%) in IgG2. Furthermore, glycation‐induced oxidation of IgGs led to an increase in carbonyl content and loss of ‐SH groups. Among subclass, IgG2 showed the highest (39.7%) increase in carbonyl content accompanied by 82.5% decrease in ‐SH groups. Far UV‐CD analysis illustrated perturbation of β‐sheet structure during glycation reaction with MGO. Moreover, glycation of IgG proceeds to various conformational states like aggregation and increased hydrophobicity. In addition, the cytotoxicity assay (MTT) illustrated the proliferation of breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) with IgG2 treatment.

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Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in Indian dromedary camels

Marwaha,

Ranjan,

Nath

et al. 2024

Vet Res Commun

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Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq

Hematobiochemical, serological, and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al-Najaf desert, Iraq

Non‐enzymatic glycation and aggregation of camel immunoglobulins induce breast cancer cell proliferation

Molecular epidemiology of anaplasmosis in Indian dromedary camels

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