Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) spp. infecting cattle (Bos taurus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) in the United States

Fisher, Adrian; Schuster, Greta; Cobb, William J.; James, Andrea M.; Cooper, Susan M.; León, Adalberto A. Pérez de; Holman, Patricia J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.037

Cited by 29 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The Trypanosoma theileri Clade, a group of phylogenetically related trypanosomes isolated from ruminants and classified into the subgenus T. (Megatrypanum) (RODRIGUES et al, 2006(RODRIGUES et al, , 2010a, is a complex group of parasites segregated in two lineages (TthI and TthII) that harbor 14 distinct genotypes validated using at least two different molecular markers, SSU and ITS rDNA (HAMILTON et al, 2009;LEE et al, 2010;RODRIGUES et al, 2010a,b;GARCIA et al, 2011a,b;FISHER et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and molecular survey of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum ) theileri in cattle in Brazil’s western Amazon region

Pacheco

Marcili

Costa

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri is a flagellated protozoan that infects ruminants and it displays high genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated the prevalence rates of this protozoan based on hemoculture and molecular diagnosis. The isolates of T. theileri thus obtained were characterized by molecular markers SSU rDNA and gGAPDH and molecular diagnosis based on Cathepsin L-like gene (PCR-TthCATL). The PCR-TthCATL and hemoculture indicated an overall prevalence rate of 8.13%, and the CATL derived sequence named IB was identified for the first time in cattle in the western Amazon region, as well as IF in Brazil. We also describe a possible new PCR-TthCATL derived sequence in cattle, designated IL.

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confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and molecular survey of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum ) theileri in cattle in Brazil’s western Amazon region

Pacheco

Marcili

Costa

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…An 18S rRNA gene was amplified with PCR to identify a Trypanosoma spp using previously published conditions and yielded a 2117 bp product sharing 99% sequence identity with Trypanosoma cervi ( T cervi ; GenBank Accession: JX178193.1) . An 18S rRNA gene was amplified with PCR to identify a Theileria spp.…”

Section: Additional Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with Megatrypanum trypanosomes is usually nonpathogenic in healthy animals. T cervi is widely distributed in North America with prevalence rates ranging from 51.8% to 94.1% . In the United States, T cervi has been identified in white‐tailed deer, mule deer, black‐tailed deer, elk, moose, and reindeer …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is your diagnosis? Blood smear review in a white‐tailed deer

Wells

Camus

Mayer

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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| CASE PRESENTATIONA 4-month-old, 17.9-kg intact male, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) presented to the University of Georgia zoological medicine service after being found trapped in a fence. On examination, the distal portion of his right hind limb was missing, and the remaining portion was necrotic. Bruising on his right front limb and abdomen was noted. Numerous dead insects, suspected to be lice/nymphs, were found on his fur. The patient received supportive care and underwent amputation. However, during surgery, the animal declined and could not be resuscitated.Complete blood count results were compatible with inflammation and glucocorticoid-mediated stress. Marked thrombocytopenia was present due to either consumption or sequestration. The serum chemistry revealed moderate azotemia likely multifactorial in origin and a markedly increased creatine kinase indicative of muscle damage. A blood smear was examined (Figure 1).

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“…In North American cervids, Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been reported in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) [2,3], red deer (Cervus elaphus) [4], roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) [5][6][7], reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) [8], mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) [3,9], moose (Alces alces) [10], white-tailed deer (WTD) (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) [3,11,12]. In Europe, Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been described in fallow deer (Cervus dama), red deer and roe deer in Germany [6], reindeer and moose in Sweden [13], roe deer in Poland [14], and red deer in Croatia [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

García

Blanco

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The subgenus Megatrypanum comprises trypanosomes of cervids and bovids from around the world. Here, Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer = WTD) and its ectoparasite, the deer ked Lipoptena mazamae (hippoboscid fly), were surveyed for trypanosomes in Venezuela. Results Haemoculturing unveiled 20% infected WTD, while 47% (7/15) of blood samples and 38% (11/29) of ked guts tested positive for the Megatrypanum- specific TthCATL-PCR. CATL and SSU rRNA sequences uncovered a single species of trypanosome. Phylogeny based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH sequences tightly cluster WTD trypanosomes from Venezuela and the USA, which were strongly supported as geographical variants of the herein described Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum ) perronei sp. n. In our analyses, T. perronei was closest to T . sp. D30 of fallow deer (Germany), both nested into TthII alongside other trypanosomes of cervids (North American elks and European fallow, red and sika deer), and bovids (cattle, antelopes and sheep). Insights into T. perronei life cycle were obtained from early haemocultures of deer blood and co-culture with mammalian and insect cells showing flagellates resembling Megatrypanum trypanosomes previously reported in deer blood, and deer ked guts. For the first time, a trypanosome from a cervid was cultured and phylogenetically and morphologically (light and electron microscopy) characterised. Conclusions In the analyses based on SSU rRNA, gGAPDH, CATL and ITS rDNA sequences, neither cervids nor bovids trypanosomes were monophyletic but intertwined within TthI and TthII major phylogenetic lineages. One host species can harbour more than one species/genotype of trypanosomes, but each trypanosome species/genotype was found in a single host species or in phylogenetically related hosts. Molecular evidence that L. mazamae may transmit T. perronei suggests important evolutionary constraints making tight the tripartite T. perronei –WTD–deer ked association. In a plausible evolutionary scenario, T. perronei entered South America with North American WTD at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary following the closure of the Panama Isthmus.

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Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) spp. infecting cattle (Bos taurus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) in the United States

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Genetic diversity and molecular survey of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum ) theileri in cattle in Brazil’s western Amazon region

Genetic diversity and molecular survey of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum ) theileri in cattle in Brazil’s western Amazon region

What is your diagnosis? Blood smear review in a white‐tailed deer

Pan-American Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) perronei sp. n. in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and its deer ked Lipoptena mazamae: morphological, developmental and phylogeographical characterisation

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