Molecular Characterization, Gene Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate Aldolase (FBA) Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a key plant enzyme that is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Calvin cycle. It plays significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as in regulating growth and development processes. In the present paper, 21 genes encoding TaFBA isoenzymes were identified, characterized, and categorized into three groups: class I chloroplast/plastid FBA (CpFBA), class I cytosol FBA (cFBA), and class II chloroplast/plastid FBA. By using a prediction online database and genomic PCR analysis of Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic lines, we have confirmed the chromosomal location of these genes in 12 chromosomes of four homologous groups. Sequence and genomic structure analysis revealed the high identity of the allelic TaFBA genes and the origin of different TaFBA genes. Numerous putative environment stimulus-responsive cis-elements have been identified in 1,500-bp regions of TaFBA gene promoters, of which the most abundant are the light-regulated elements (LREs). Phylogenetic reconstruction using the deduced protein sequence of 245 FBA genes indicated an independent evolutionary pathway for the class I and class II groups. Although, earlier studies have indicated that class II FBA only occurs in prokaryote and fungi, our results have demonstrated that a few class II CpFBAs exist in wheat and other closely related species. Class I TaFBA was predicted to be tetramers and class II to be dimers. Gene expression analysis based on microarray and transcriptome databases suggested the distinct role of TaFBAs in different tissues and developmental stages. The TaFBA 4–9 genes were highly expressed in leaves and might play important roles in wheat development. The differential expression patterns of the TaFBA genes in light/dark and a few abiotic stress conditions were also analyzed. The results suggested that LRE cis-elements of TaFBA gene promoters were not directly related to light responses. Most TaFBA genes had higher expression levels in the roots than in the shoots when under various stresses. Class I cytosol TaFBA genes, particularly TaFBA10/12/18 and TaFBA13/16, and three class II TaFBA genes are involved in responses to various abiotic stresses. Class I CpFBA genes in wheat are apparently sensitive to different stress conditions.

Deep sampling and pooled amplicon sequencing reveals hidden genic variation in heterogeneous rye accessions

“…FBA is one of the key metabolic enzymes involved in CO2 fixation and sucrose metabolism. FBA genes were found to have an important role in regulation of growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, such as chilling, drought and heat (Lv et al, 2017;Cai et al, 2018). GSP-1 genes, belonging to the prolamin superfamily of seed storage proteins, encode precursor proteins, which after post-translational processing give rise to arabinogalactan peptide AGP and the grain softness protein GSP-1 (Wilkinson et al, 2017) Secaloindolines, products of genes Sina (not analyzed in this study) and Sinb, are main components of friabilin -a starch-associated protein fraction of cereal grains (Simeone and Lafiandra, 2005).…”

Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

“…FBA is a key enzyme in plants that is involved in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and the Calvin cycle. FBA genes play significant roles in regulating growth and development [45].…”

Comparative analysis of primary metabolites and transcriptome changes between ungrafted and pumpkin-grafted watermelon during fruit development

“…FBA2 plays a central role in the glycolysis pathway and is associated with glucose (Lv et al, 2017). Expression of FBA2 was relatively lower during fruit developmental stages in grafted watermelon, which correlates with lower or stable glucose content in grafted watermelon.…”