Molecular and Epidemiologic Evidence for the Discontinuous Introduction of Subtypes B and F Into Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Pinto, Mónica; Tanuri, Amílcar; Schechter, Mauro

doi:10.1097/00042560-199811010-00017

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The patients infected with HIV-1 subtype B (403) and subtype F (854) did, however, differ (p = 0.04) by mean CD4 counts. Although dates of seroconversion were not known for all patients, the earliest HIV-positive results were reported among patients infected with subtype B (in agreement with previous observations that the spread of subtype B viruses occurred earlier than other HIV-1 subtypes in Brazil [ 16 , 17 ]), which might explain the difference in CD4 counts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Dual and Recombinant Infections: An Integral Part of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazil

Ramos

Tanuri

Schechter

et al. 1999

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We systematically evaluated multiple and recombinant infections in an HIV-infected population selected for vaccine trials. Seventy-nine HIV-1 infected persons in a clinical cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated for 1 year. A combination of molecular screening assays and DNA sequencing showed 3 dual infections (3.8%), 6 recombinant infections (7.6%), and 70 (88.6%) infections involving single viral subtypes. In the three dual infections, we identified HIV-1 subtypes F and B, F and D, and B and D; in contrast, the single and recombinant infections involved only HIV-1 subtypes B and F. The recombinants had five distinct B/F mosaic patterns: Bgag-p17/Bgag -p24/Fpol/Benv , Fgag-p17/Bgag -p24/Fpol/Fenv , Bgag-p17/B-Fgag -p24/Fpol/Fenv , Bgag-p17/B-Fgag -p24/Fpol/Benv , and Fgag-p17/B-Fgag -p24/Fpol/Fenv . No association was found between dual or recombinant infections and demographic or clinical variables. These findings indicate that dual and recombinant infections are emerging as an integral part of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil and emphasize the heterogenous character of epidemics emerging in countries where multiple viral subtypes coexist.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Dual and Recombinant Infections: An Integral Part of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazil

Ramos

Tanuri

Schechter

et al. 1999

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Interestingly, non-subtype B isolates characteristic non-synonymous mutations described previously in the PR region [Soares et al, 2003] that suggest that Brazilian viruses might have specific molecular signatures in the PR region. If confirmed, this, in turn, would be similar to a subtype B variant described previously that is responsible for up to 50% of subtype B infections in Brazil [Sabino et al, 1996;Casseb et al, 1998;Pinto et al, 1998;Bongertz et al, 2000;Santoro-Lopes et al, 2000]. Despite seroconversion status differences, the pattern of polymorphic mutations found in RT and PR genes were similar among recent and chronic infected individuals, [Perno et al, 2001] and identified previously by others [Alexander et al, 2001;Wu et al, 2003;Ceccherini-Silberstein et al, 2004], showing that the circulating viral quasispecies remained stable due to absent external selective pressure, like antiretroviral therapy [Quiñ ones-Mateu and Arts, 2001;Leal et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns among treatment‐naive patients in different stages of infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Varella

Ferreira

Castro

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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The presence of genetic mutations in HIV-1-positive untreated individuals and its contribution to treatment failure, either in an individual or on a population basis, remains an important concern. The goal was to analyze and compare HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes of untreated individuals with chronic and recent infections. Fifty-one chronic infected individuals for whom initiation of antiretroviral treatment had been recommended and 20 individuals with recent documented HIV-1 seroconversion had their plasma viral RNA extracted and the PR and RT genes sequenced in order to determine subtype, presence of genetic polymorphisms and mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs. All 20 recent seroconvertors were infected with subtype B viruses. Of the 51 chronically infected patients, 40 (78.4%), 7 (13.7%), and 2 (3.9%) were infected with subtypes B, F, and C, respectively. Two (3.9%) hybrid forms were also observed in two individuals with chronic infection: D/B and D/F. Despite seroconversion stage, type and quantity of mutations were similar to both groups (P = 0.961). This group also presented the only (1.4%) drug-resistance mutation (M184V) among all samples investigated. In summary, the present study shows a high occurrence of equivalent polymorphisms unrelated to drug resistance in samples collected from untreated HIV-1- infected individuals in different seroconversion status, and suggests low primary resistance mutations. Results also indicate that non-B subtypes circulating in Rio de Janeiro have specific Brazilian non-synonymous mutations.

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“…This observation can be demonstrated by a large number of B/C recombinants (22.5%) observed among the mosaic viruses analyzed in our dataset, especially when compared with the B/F recombinant (6.25%). A more recent introduction of HIV-1 subtype F in Brazil is consistent with the lower prevalence and genetic variability of this subtype in the Brazilian epidemic [Louwagie et al, 1994;Pinto et al, 1998;Bongertz et al, 2000]. Subtype F variant is spread all over the country and corresponds approximately to 10% of the samples analyzed in Rio de Janeiro and Sã o Paulo Cities, and recombinant forms of subtype B and F have been described previously [Louwagie et al, 1994;Ramos et al, 1999].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Molecular epidemiology of HIV‐1 in Santa Catarina State confirms increases of subtype C in Southern Brazil

Locateli¹,

Stoco²,

Queiroz³

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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Recent studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C in southern Brazil. Although Santa Catarina State (SC) is located in this area and presents one of the country's highest incidences of HIV/AIDS, knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in such State is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the HIV-1 molecular diversity and epidemiological profile of HIV-1-infected patients from SC. DNA samples were PCR amplified and HIV-1 subtypes were determined using both env and gag genes by direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 48% were subtype C and 23% were subtype B. Possible recombinant forms were observed for both B/C (23%) and B/F (6%) subtypes. Our results, for the first time, identifies HIV-1 subtype C as a major clade circulating in SC and contributes to the understanding of HIV epidemics in the country by confirming the epidemic spread of the HIV-1 subtype C in southern Brazil.

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Molecular and Epidemiologic Evidence for the Discontinuous Introduction of Subtypes B and F Into Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Dual and Recombinant Infections: An Integral Part of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazil

Dual and Recombinant Infections: An Integral Part of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazil

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns among treatment‐naive patients in different stages of infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Molecular epidemiology of HIV‐1 in Santa Catarina State confirms increases of subtype C in Southern Brazil

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