Moisture dynamics and fungal susceptibility of plywood

Bulcke, Jan Van den; Windt, Imke De; Defoirdt, Nele; Smet, Johan De; Acker, Joris Van

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.12.015

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These results illustrated how the wettability of hydrophobicity changes during different aging tests. The contact angles of water on the exposed surfaces of wood are important indicators of the rate of weathering (Van den Bulcke et al 2011). Because water contributes to aging, various methods of hydrophobisation of wood surfaces have been investigated (Petrič and Oven 2015).…”

Section: Determination Of Contact Anglesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method calculates the estimated service life (ESL) by multiplying a reference service life (RSL) with different modifying factors (Brischke et al 2006). This method and recent results reflect the importance of moisture dynamics in evaluating the overall performance of naturally durable wood species and modified wood in outdoor applications (Rapp et al 2000; Van den Bulcke et al 2011). This phenomenon is frequently described as the water exclusion efficacy (WEE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It strongly correlates with the moisture dynamics of wood and its hydrophobicity. The moisture dynamic of wood is affected by several interrelated wood properties: surface properties, capillary properties, and sorption characteristics (Van den Bulcke et al 2011). Some naturally durable wood species exhibit these properties by themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Artificial and Natural Weathering on the Hydrophobicity and Surface Properties of Wood

Žlahtič¹,

Humar²

2016

BioResources

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The use of wood in outdoor, above-ground applications is increasing in Europe. To further increase wood usage, more information related to service life and maintenance costs must be provided. Water exclusion efficacy (WEE) is one of the most important factors influencing service life and strongly correlates to wood moisture dynamics, surface properties, and hydrophobicity (WEE as a whole). WEE can be improved with modifications and hydrophobic treatments. The aim of this study was to elucidate which wood surface properties affect WEE and to note changes over time caused by artificial or natural aging. Wood samples of oak (Quercus), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), European larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine heartwood and sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and beech (Fagus sylvatica) were used to investigate this phenomenon. The moisture performance of the wood samples was improved with thermal modification, wax, oil, and biocide treatment. In total, 17 materials were prepared. After treatment, four different aging procedures were applied. Before and after aging, Fourier transform infrared spectra, colour, and contact angle were determined. The analysis of untreated wood based materials indicated that durability and hydrophobicity are related. Of all the treatments, wax performed the best and retained high hydrophobicity even after the most severe aging method (outdoor exposure).

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Section: Determination Of Contact Anglesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Artificial and Natural Weathering on the Hydrophobicity and Surface Properties of Wood

Žlahtič¹,

Humar²

2016

BioResources

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“…X-ray computed tomography (XCT), first developed for medical applications, is meanwhile an established technique to visualize 3D structures in wood at macro-, micro-, and nanometer scales also in wood science. A few examples may illustrate this: XCT was applied to study wood species (Trtik et al 2007; Van den Bulcke et al 2009;Svedström et al 2012), wood coatings (Van den Bessières et al 2013), structural changes during drying and modification (Leppänen et al 2011;Van den Bulcke et al 2011;Taylor et al 2013;Biziks et al 2016), archeological wood (Svedström et al 2011), cork (Oliveira et al 2016), fiberboards (Badel et al 2008, Walter andThoemen 2009), wood plastic composites (Defoirdt et al 2010;Schwarzkopf and Muszynski 2015), plywood (Van den Bulcke et al 2011), wood strand composites (Li et al 2016), and wax-impregnation (Scholz et al 2010a,b), just to mention a few. In general, the emerging synchrotron based TM with its high resolution has a great analytical power for wood research (Trtik et al 2007;Hass et al 2010;Zauner et al 2012;Endo and Sugiyama 2013;Baensch et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure of chemically modified wood using X-ray computed tomography in relation to wetting properties

et al. 2016

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X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was utilized to visualize and quantify the 2D and 3D microstructure of acetylated southern yellow pine (pine) and maple, as well as furfurylated pine samples. The total porosity and the porosity of different cell types, as well as cell wall thickness and maximum opening of tracheid lumens were evaluated. The wetting properties (swelling and capillary uptake) were related to these microstructural characteristics. The data show significant changes in the wood structure for furfurylated pine sapwood samples, including a change in tracheid shape and filling of tracheids by furan polymer. In contrast, no such changes were noted for the acetylated pine samples at the high resolution of 0.8 μm. The XCT images obtained for the furfurylated maple samples demonstrated that all ray cells and some vessel elements were filled with furan polymer while the fibers largely remained unchanged. Furfurylation significantly decreased the total porosity of both the maple and pine samples. Furthermore, this was observed in both earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) regions in the pine samples. In contrast, the total porosity of pine samples was hardly affected by acetylation. These findings are in line with wetting results demonstrating that furfurylation reduces both swelling and capillary uptake in contrast to acetylation which reduces mostly swelling. Furfurylation significantly increased the cell wall thickness of both the maple and pine samples, especially at higher levels of furfurylation.

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“…The system groups defects (D) according to location on the surface (S) of the WF or in joints and interfaces (JI), within the WF, or between the WF and other floor coverings or protruding elements. In total, 16 types of defects were defined, according to scientific references (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Defects are coded with a D for defect, hyphen and the group reference, namely S for surface, and JI for joints and interfaces, followed by sequential numbering.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Statistical Characterization Of Wf Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect characterization, diagnosis and repair of wood flooring based on a field survey

et al. 2018

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A statistical characterization of defects in 35 buildings and 98 wood floorings (softwood and hardwood floors, and laminated and engineered wood floors), their diagnostic methods and repair solutions is presented. An expert system for inspecting wood flooring, comprising the classification of defects, their most probable causes, diagnostic methods and repair techniques, was used. Results include age, affected area, severity and frequency of defects and their main causes, as well as appropriate diagnostic methods, preventive and curative repair solutions most prescribed and the most significant correlations. Scratches were detected in more than five sixths of the sample, highly associated with exterior mechanical actions, and with an inadequate finishing layer. Wearing of the finishing layer was detected in a quarter of the inspected floorings. Accordingly, the application of a suitable finishing layer and, alternatively, its replacement are the most prescribed repair techniques.

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Moisture dynamics and fungal susceptibility of plywood

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of Artificial and Natural Weathering on the Hydrophobicity and Surface Properties of Wood

Influence of Artificial and Natural Weathering on the Hydrophobicity and Surface Properties of Wood

Microstructure of chemically modified wood using X-ray computed tomography in relation to wetting properties

Defect characterization, diagnosis and repair of wood flooring based on a field survey

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