Mogul‐Patterned Elastomeric Substrate for Stretchable Electronics

Lee, Han‐Byeol; Bae, Chan-Wool; Duy, Le Thai; Sohn, Il-Yung; Kim, Do‐Il; Song, You-Joon; Kim, Youn-Jea; Lee, Nae‐Eung

doi:10.1002/adma.201505218

Cited by 107 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The approach toward fabrication of stretchable OLEDs is schematically described in Figure . It includes fabrication of 3D‐MSES with stress‐adaptable characteristics (the detailed fabrication process and the characteristics of the 3D‐MSES were presented in a previous report) . The 3D‐MSES contains bumps and valleys, which are regularly positioned in a hexagonal close‐packed structure which helps to generate the highest number of the bumps and valleys per unit area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key factors that directly affect the performance of the OLED included the surface characteristics of surface defects and the roughness of 3D‐MSES. The 3D‐MSES was generated by replication from a master mold by a double photolithography process . Therefore, the fabrication of 3D‐MSES also replicates the defects and roughness on its surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Diode on 3D Microstructured Elastomeric Substrate and Transparent Hybrid Anode

Trung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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expected to find applications in wearable displays, [3,4] electronic skin, [5] and wearable healthcare monitoring. [6] Stretchable OLEDs can be fabricated via structural engineering [7][8][9][10] or by developing intrinsically stretchable materials. [11] Several structural engineering methods have been developed to fabricate stretchable OLEDs. For example, stretchable active-matrix OLEDs were designed in an island-bridge architecture in which "island-like" rigid OLED units were transferred on elastomeric substrates with "bridge-like" stretchable conductive materials. [9] Another approach to develop stretchable OLEDs is transfer printing of OLEDs fabricated on an ultrathin substrate to a prestretched elastomeric substrate and releasing prestrain to create a stretchable OLED with a wrinkled or wavy configuration. [7,8] Attaching OLEDs on ultrathin substrates to prestrained elastomeric substrates with long-period gratings result in stretchable OLEDs with ordered buckling, high efficiency, and good mechanical robustness. [10] High performance stretchable OLEDs have been reported based on these approaches. However, transfer processes and multiple steps are used in these approaches making fabrication complex, costly, low-yielding, and difficult to control.There has been one report on stretchable OLEDs made using intrinsically stretchable materials. [11] Meanwhile, several stretchable light-emitting devices have been demonstrated in another structure, including stretchable polymer-based light-emitting devices, [4,12] and stretchable light-emitting electrochemical cells. [13] This approach has limited the selection of materials to maintain elasticity for all constituent layers of the devices. Moreover, the fabrication of intrinsically stretchable light-emitting devices is based on solution processing of multistacked layers, which faces several problems associated with dissolution, mixing, or cracking of the underlayer. Therefore, it is still a significant challenge to directly fabricate a stretchable OLED on an elastomeric substrate by using conventional materials and fabrication processes.An indium-tin oxide (ITO) film is commonly used as a transparent anode in traditional OLEDs, and this results in several challenges in the development of stretchable OLEDs. For example, the ITO film is brittle and tends to induce cracks under mechanical deformation. [14] ITO thin films are fabricated via sputtering processes and thermal annealing at high temperature, which are incompatible with the elastomeric substrates.Stretchable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are attractive for applications in wearable displays, conformal optical biomedical devices, and healthcare monitoring. Although many stretchable OLEDs have been demonstrated, their fabrication process still faces some limitations, including fabrication complexity, high cost and low yield, as well as difficulty controlling and obtaining materials for all constituent layers. Herein, a simple approach toward a stretchable OLED is proposed by directly depositing all consti...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Diode on 3D Microstructured Elastomeric Substrate and Transparent Hybrid Anode

Trung

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…[45] The sensor can be integrated into a watch-type wearable gas monitor, as shown in Figure 6g. Besides flexible gas sensors, stretchable gas sensors were also demonstrated by Lee et al [173] Stable NO 2 sensing performance under 30% strain was observed for rGO based gas sensors.…”

Section: Wearable Environmental Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In a CNT/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber based resistive sensors, high humidity level can swell the filament, decrease the intertube distance of CNTs and thus decrease the resistance of the CNT/PVA fibers. [55] To track the gas concentration for personal wellness and security surveillance, wearable gas sensors based on graphene, [32] rGO, [45,173] ZnO NPs, [174] AgNW-graphene, [175] CNT/SnO 2 NW hybrid film, [31] and polypyrrole NPs [176] were developed to detect the concentration of gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), [31,32,173] ammonia (NH 3 ), [176] hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), [45] hydrogen (H 2 ), [45] ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), [45,174] acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), [176] dimethyl methylphosphonate (C 3 H 9 O 3 P, DMMP), [175] acetone (CH 3 COCH 3 ), [175] methanol (CH 3 OH), [175] and tetradecane (C 14 H 30 ). [175] Increase or decrease in resistance is typically detected, depending on whether the gaseous stimulus is an electron donator or an electron acceptor.…”

Section: Wearable Environmental Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

454

296

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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“…Despite the promise of these systems, only limited successful examples of stretchable sensors that perceive force and chemical stimuli have been reported. [5][6][7] To achieve high-performance artificial e-skin, the directional design and fabrication of conductive sensing channel materials are prerequisites. Tailored materials in the sensing channel with specific nanostructures can meet critical requirements such as enhanced sensitivity, stretchability and mechanical stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A semitransparent snake-like tactile and olfactory bionic sensor with reversibly stretchable properties

et al. 2017

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Many organisms and animals have sensing abilities that are different from those of human beings; for example, snakes have strong smell-, vibration-, touch-and heat-sensing abilities. A nature-mimicking sensing platform capable of sensing multiple stimuli, such as strain, pressure, temperature and other uncorrelated conditions, is highly desirable to broaden the applications of sensors. Here, we construct a semitransparent intelligent skin-like sensing platform based on polyaniline (PANI) nanowire arrays that can act as a bionic component by simultaneously sensing tactile stimuli and detecting colorless, odorless gas. Our multifunctional bionic sensing strategy is remarkably adaptive for versatile applications. The strain-sensing performance is superior to that of most conducting polymer-based sensors reported so far and is comparable to or even better than traditional metal and carbon nanowire/nanotube-based strain sensors. The highest gauge factor demonstrated is 149, making our system a remarkable candidate for strain-sensing applications. The sensor can accurately detect a wide range of human motions. We also demonstrate the simultaneous controlled olfaction ability for the detection of methane with high sensitivity and a fast response time. These results enable the realization of multifunctional and uncorrelated sensing capabilities, which will afford a wide range of applications to augment robotics, treatment, simulated skin, health monitoring and bionic systems. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e437; doi:10.1038/am.2017.181; published online 13 October 2017 INTRODUCTION Stretchable and wearable electronics have been extensively investigated for a broad range of applications, including electronic skins, flexible displays, health-monitoring devices and energy-harvesting devices. [1][2][3][4] Breakthroughs have been made in the theoretical and practical aspects of these related technologies. Meanwhile, it is highly attractive to integrate more functionalities and novel features into one device for smart and multifunctional systems by mimicking complex biological systems. Among the various complex biological systems, snakes are unique legless reptiles with elongated bodies covered in overlapping scales. Most snakes use stretchable belly scales to travel by gripping surfaces and have strong olfactory capabilities to track prey. The skin and olfactory organ can collect external stimuli and output bioelectrical signals to the nervous system/brain. In practical applications, artificial e-skin capable of sensing multiple stimuli, such as strain, pressure, vibration, temperature and other uncorrelated conditions, is highly desirable. Despite the promise of these systems, only limited successful examples of stretchable sensors that perceive force and chemical stimuli have been reported. [5][6][7] To achieve high-performance artificial e-skin, the directional design and fabrication of conductive sensing channel materials are prerequisites. Tailored materials in the sensing channel with specific nanostructures can meet cri...

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Mogul‐Patterned Elastomeric Substrate for Stretchable Electronics

Cited by 107 publications

References 57 publications

Toward a Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Diode on 3D Microstructured Elastomeric Substrate and Transparent Hybrid Anode

Toward a Stretchable Organic Light‐Emitting Diode on 3D Microstructured Elastomeric Substrate and Transparent Hybrid Anode

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

A semitransparent snake-like tactile and olfactory bionic sensor with reversibly stretchable properties

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