Modifying the liquid/liquid interface: pores, particles and deposition

Dryfe, Robert A. W.

doi:10.1039/b518018j

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…At negative polarization, the transfer takes place with Cl -and BTPPA + from the aqueous and organic phases, respectively. [1][2][3][4][5]50 The presence of the CNTs at the interface increases the current in the voltammetry, as observed in Figure 2. This increase in current could be related to the presence of the Fe species within the CNTs, as no such increase in background current was observed in a previous study with CNTs (single-walled type) adsorbed at the L/L interface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…11,12 In addition to standard synthetic parameters such as concentration, time or pH, the applied potential and polarization of the interface between the two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) governs the rate of ion and electron transfer between the phases, allowing significant control over synthetic procedures. 1,2,13,14 By combining these different approaches to utilize the L/L interface, composite structures can be prepared using one material as the support and/or nucleation site for the other. 15,16 Previously, it has been observed that particle or polymer formation was possible, under stirring, on the surface of carbon nanostructures present in a L/L system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The interface between two immiscible liquids provides a defect-free environment suitable for controlled homogeneous particle deposition. Driven by the decrease in the L/L interfacial free energy, particles dispersed or synthesized in a biphasic system spontaneously migrate to the interface formed by the two liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodeposition of Prussian Blue/Carbon Nanotube Composites at a Liquid‑Liquid Interface

Husmann

Booth

Zarbin

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The iron complex hexacyanoferrate (Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 ), known as Prussian Blue (PB), was electrodeposited over a free-standing carbon nanotube (CNT) film assembled at the interface between two immiscible liquids, water and 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Polarization of the interface achieved through a fixed potential or under potential variation enabled iron present inside CNTs to generate a stable CNT/PB composite. We report herein on the observation that the deposition of PB is dependent on both the pH and applied potential. It was found that aqueous phases containing K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] can decompose under an applied potential, while those containing K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] presented more stable behavior making it a suitable precursor for PB synthesis. The electrodeposition and modification of the interface was followed by in situ spectroelectrochemical Raman spectroscopy, which indicated that an increase in signal due to PB formation was acompanied by changes in the CNT bands due to modification of the CNT walls by decoration with PB, forming a composite structure. Keywords: liquid-liquid interface, Prussian Blue, carbon nanotubes, immiscible liquids IntroductionBiphasic liquid/liquid (L/L) systems have been used for a long time, either for the study of interfacial electron and ion transfer reactions or for the synthesis and assembly of micro and nano-sized materials.1,2 The interface between two immiscible liquids provides a defect-free environment suitable for controlled homogeneous particle deposition. Driven by the decrease in the L/L interfacial free energy, particles dispersed or synthesized in a biphasic system spontaneously migrate to the interface formed by the two liquids. [3][4][5] Due to the ease of formation and robust nature of L/L interfaces, they have been utilized in a wide range of different applications. The L/L system can be used simply as a means to assemble previously synthesized materials into organized arrays or thin films, such as carbon nanostructures or metal nanoparticles. 6,7 Alternatively, materials can be both synthesized and assembled by using the L/L interface as the region of contact between reactants located in the different phases. [8][9][10] As an alternative to spontaneous reactions occurring at the point of contact between the two phases, material deposition can also occur by electrochemical polarization of the interface. 11,12 In addition to standard synthetic parameters such as concentration, time or pH, the applied potential and polarization of the interface between the two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) governs the rate of ion and electron transfer between the phases, allowing significant control over synthetic procedures. 1,2,13,14 By combining these different approaches to utilize the L/L interface, composite structures can be prepared using one material as the support and/or nucleation site for the other. 15,16 Previously, it has been observed that particle or polymer formation was possible, under stirring, on the surface of carbon nanostructures present in a L/L sy...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrodeposition of Prussian Blue/Carbon Nanotube Composites at a Liquid‑Liquid Interface

Husmann

Booth

Zarbin

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Studies on polarized ITIES are relevant to different fields, such as deposition of metallic nanoparticles [533][534][535][536][537][538][539][540][541][542][543][544][545][546][547][548][549] and polymerization [550][551][552][553][554][555][556] at liquid|liquid interfaces, ion and neutral species partition [342,349,[557][558][559][560] and electroassisted extraction [561,562]. Particular cases related to electroanalysis are discussed in this section.…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Ion Transfer at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces

Vallejo

Ovejero

Fernández

et al. 2012

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.

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“…They possess enhanced optical properties for the treatment of tumours [6], enhanced Raman detection [7] and optical sensors [8]. As a result several chemical synthesis strategies have been developed for single and two phase systems [9]. However, most synthesises strategies that lead to high anisotropy require organic solvents, high temperatures, hard reducing agents, polymer and molecular capping agents, although alternative "green" chemistries are emerging [4,6,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%