Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Alat Pengering Energi Surya-Hybrid Tipe Rak untuk Pengeringan Ikan Teri

Abstract

Abstrak. Pada saat musim panen ikan, para nelayan banyak mendapatkan ikan teri sebagai hasil tangkapan dengan jumlah yang sangat besar. Karena jumlah yang sangat banyak, terkadang ikan teri tidak habis terjual. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan ikan teri membusuk jika tidak ada tempat pengawetan (cool storage). Salah satu cara yang dilakukan nelayan adalah dengan mengeringkan ikan teri tersebut secara alami (penjemuran dibawah sinar matahari). Alat pengering surya tipe rak adalah alat pengering berbentuk kotak yang memanfaatkan matahari sebagai energi termalnya. Adapun kendala dari alat pengering ini adalah hanya memanfaatkan panas dari energi matahari sehingga ketika cuaca dalam keadaan mendung atau saat malam tiba alat ini tidak bisa difungsikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi alat pengering surya tipe rak, menjadi alat pengering hybrid untuk pengeringan ikan teri. Hasil penelitian diperoleh total efisiensi penggunaan energi selama pengeringan yaitu, untuk pengeringan uji kosong hybrid adalah 0,010%, untuk pengeringan uji hybrid sebesar 0,695% dan untuk pengeringan uji surya sebesar 20,319%. Sementara untuk lamanya waktu pengeringan, uji hybrid ulangan 1 selama 7 jam, uji hybrid ulangan 2 selama 8 jam, uji surya ulangan 1 selama 10 jam dan uji surya ulangan 2 selama 11 jam. Untuk total energi tersedia, pengeringan hybrid sebesar 305,838 MJ dan pengeringan surya sebesar 9,896 MJ. Modifications and Performance Test Instrument Solar-Hybrid Dryer Type Rack for Drying AnchovyAbstract. At the time of harvest fish, fishermen get a lot of anchovy as catches with very large amount. Due to the very large number of these, sometimes anchovy is not sold out. This resulted in an anchovy rot if not done preservation (cool storage). One way in which the fisherman is by drying anchovy naturally (the drying in the sun). A tool rack type solar dryer is a box-shaped dryer that utilize the sun as thermal energy. The constraints of this tool is only utilizing the heat from solar energy, so when the weather is cloudy or at nightfall these tools can not function. The research aims to modify the tool rack type solar dryer to be a hybrid dryer for drying anchovy. The results were obtained that total efficiency of energy use during drying is for drying empty test hybrid is 0,010%, for drying hybrid test at 0,695%, and for drying solar test of 20,319%. As for the length of drying time, hybrid test replicates 1 for 7 hours, hybrid test replicates 2 for 8 hours, solar test replicates 1 for 10 hours, and solar test replicates 2 for 11 hours. For the total energy available, hybrid drying of 305,838 MJ and solar drying of 9,896 MJ.

The Impact of Using Salt on Drying Rate of Fish

“…Drying is a method for removing or removing some water from the material by evaporating the water using heat energy. The material becomes more durable, its volume becomes smaller, making it easier and saving transportation space (Hanafi et al, 2017;Yasar et al, 2020). Fish drying is usually done by spreading the fish on a net and with direct sunlight as a heat source.…”

“…The fish body contains 56%-80% water. Drying is a method for removing or removing some of the water from the material by evaporating the water using heat energy so that the material becomes more durable, its volume becomes smaller, making it easier and saving transportation space (Hanafi, Siregar, & Nurba, 2017;Yasar, Agustina, Mustaqimah, & Nurba, 2020). It is necessary to control the temperature and relative humidity of the air in which fish are stored to prevent bacteria and enzymes from working in fish and reduce the water content in fish.…”

Unjuk Kerja Pengering Tenaga Surya Tipe Efek Rumah Kaca Untuk Pengeringan Cabai Dengan Perlakuan Low Temperature Long Time Blanching

“…Jumlah panas yang digunakan untuk menaikkan suhu cabai saat proses pengeringan dihitung dengan Persamaan (6) berikut ini (Hanafi et al, 2017):…”

The Effect of Fish Thickness on Dryness Level and Time for Drying Fish

“…Thus enhancing the durability and shelf life of fish so that the quality of fish can be maintained in good condition (Wongkar, Pinontoan, & Boky, 2018). Drying is a method of removing or removing most of the water present in the fish's body through heat energy (Hanafi, Siregar, & Nurba, 2017;Husna, Asmawati, & Surwajana, 2014). Drying can be done using sunlight and using special machines or tools driven by electricity (Puspitasari, Siti Aisyah, Wilianti, & Albarah, 2021;Riansyah, Supriadi, & Nopianti, 2013).…”

“…Likewise, with the thickness factor of the fish meat to be dried. The findings of previous studies indicate that the longer the use of heat energy or the longer the drying time, the lower the amount of water content so that the fish meat will be more intact (Hanafi et al, 2017;Tuyu et al, 2014). The best drying time is 12 hours (Tuina, Naiu, & Yusuf, 2013).…”