2020
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17173
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Abstract: Ice accumulation on aircraft is known to negatively impact the aerodynamic and mechanical operation, sometimes resulting in catastrophic failure. Recently, microwave resonators have gained interest as durable and reliable frost and ice detectors. Here, a microwave resonator sensor with built-in heating capability patterned into the ground plane was designed, fabricated, and tested to investigate real-time ice and frost growth. Sensing was performed on surfaces with anti-icing coatings to quantitatively analyze… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…chipless RFID), its readrange will not exceed 1 metre due to the low S 21 of the sensor, significantly reducing the back-scatterd signal. As for heaterintegrated sensors [18], [28], both the low frequency and microwave sensors are one or two-port devices which require active sampling circuitry, adding to the complexity of the sensing approach and limiting their pervasiveness in a city environment. Another RF alternative is utilizing wireless power transmission to a rectenna-powered sensor node.…”
Section: Comparison With Other Ice Sensing Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…chipless RFID), its readrange will not exceed 1 metre due to the low S 21 of the sensor, significantly reducing the back-scatterd signal. As for heaterintegrated sensors [18], [28], both the low frequency and microwave sensors are one or two-port devices which require active sampling circuitry, adding to the complexity of the sensing approach and limiting their pervasiveness in a city environment. Another RF alternative is utilizing wireless power transmission to a rectenna-powered sensor node.…”
Section: Comparison With Other Ice Sensing Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, a twoport microstrip resonator, implemented on a low-loss RF PCB, was proposed for freeze and thaw detection [17]. A ground plane-integrated heater was later proposed based on the same resonator showing a solution for detecting and removing the ice [18]. However, owing to the resonator design, the sensors, [17], [18] can only be sampled using complex lab instruments such as a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) due to the high (3.5-4.5 GHz) frequency of operation, and the low forward transmission S 21 amplitude (−20 to −50 dB).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, a two-port microstrip resonator, implemented on a low-loss RF PCB, was proposed for freeze and thaw detection [18]. A ground plane-integrated heater was later proposed based on the same resonator showing a solution for detecting and removing the ice [19]. However, owing to the resonator design, the sensors, [18], [19] have a high (3.5-4.5 GHz) frequency of operation compared to widely available commercial transceivers and readers such as sub-1 GHz RFID ICs/readers and 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/Zigbee transceivers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A ground plane-integrated heater was later proposed based on the same resonator showing a solution for detecting and removing the ice [19]. However, owing to the resonator design, the sensors, [18], [19] have a high (3.5-4.5 GHz) frequency of operation compared to widely available commercial transceivers and readers such as sub-1 GHz RFID ICs/readers and 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/Zigbee transceivers. A low-frequency capacitive sensor was also proposed for ice detection [20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%