Modification of the human motor cortex by associative stimulation

Pyndt, Henrik S.; Ridding, Michael C.

doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1943-9

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This sustained increase in excitability is comparable to that induced by noninvasive stimulation of M1 such as high frequency rTMS [33], [34], theta burst stimulation [35], anodal tDCS [36], and techniques which include peripheral stimulation such as paired associative stimulation [15], [17], and synchronous sensory stimulation [37]. While repetitive motor practice in the context of skill learning can increase M1 representation area [38], [39], to our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a persistent effect on M1 excitability after repetitive movement occurring in the absence of skill learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Mirror Symmetric Bimanual Movement Priming Can Increase Corticomotor Excitability and Enhance Motor Learning

et al. 2012

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Repetitive mirror symmetric bilateral upper limb may be a suitable priming technique for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. Here we demonstrate neurophysiological and behavioural after-effects in healthy participants after priming with 20 minutes of repetitive active-passive bimanual wrist flexion and extension in a mirror symmetric pattern with respect to the body midline (MIR) compared to an control priming condition with alternating flexion-extension (ALT). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) indicated that corticomotor excitability (CME) of the passive hemisphere remained elevated compared to baseline for at least 30 minutes after MIR but not ALT, evidenced by an increase in the size of motor evoked potentials in ECR and FCR. Short and long-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI, LICI), short afferent inhibition (SAI) and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) were also examined using pairs of stimuli. LICI differed between patterns, with less LICI after MIR compared with ALT, and an effect of pattern on IHI, with reduced IHI in passive FCR 15 minutes after MIR compared with ALT and baseline. There was no effect of pattern on SAI or FCR H-reflex. Similarly, SICI remained unchanged after 20 minutes of MIR. We then had participants complete a timed manual dexterity motor learning task with the passive hand during, immediately after, and 24 hours after MIR or control priming. The rate of task completion was faster with MIR priming compared to control conditions. Finally, ECR and FCR MEPs were examined within a pre-movement facilitation paradigm of wrist extension before and after MIR. ECR, but not FCR, MEPs were consistently facilitated before and after MIR, demonstrating no degradation of selective muscle activation. In summary, mirror symmetric active-passive bimanual movement increases CME and can enhance motor learning without degradation of muscle selectivity. These findings rationalise the use of mirror symmetric bimanual movement as a priming modality in post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Mirror Symmetric Bimanual Movement Priming Can Increase Corticomotor Excitability and Enhance Motor Learning

et al. 2012

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“…In contrast, sham tSMS with PNS for 5 min failed to induce significant change in the MEP amplitude. Previous PNS studies have demonstrated that more than 10 min of repeated PNS were required to provoke consistent increases in corticospinal excitability (Ridding et al, 2000, 2001; Pyndt and Ridding, 2004; Quartarone et al, 2006). On the other hand, original study (Oliviero et al, 2011) has reported that tSMS exposure less than for 10 min failed to reduce the MEP amplitude after the end of stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Static Magnetic Fields and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Can Alter Focal Cortical Excitability

Nojima

Koganemaru

Mima

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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For clinical application of transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS), it is important to achieve a focal target cortical stimulation. Previous study suggested that the associative stimulation combining non-invasive stimulation of the motor cortex (M1) and the peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) may be useful to produce cortical excitability change. To test this hypothesis, we measured the M1 excitability and intracortical circuits by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after the tSMS of short duration (5 min) combined with PNS. Thirty-three normal volunteers were participated; tSMS+PNS (n = 11), sham+PNS (n = 11), and tSMS alone (n = 11). We found the transient suppression of the motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle, but not of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle, when combining tSMS with PNS over median nerve at the wrist. The lack of suppressive effect on APB in tSMS alone with short duration is in accord with the previous observation. In addition, the tendency of transient enhancement of the short-latency intracortical inhibition was observed immediately after intervention in the tSMS±PNS group. These findings show that the combination of tSMS and PNS can induce the cortical excitability change in target cortical motor area and potentiate the suppression effect.

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“…Indeed previous rENS studies have already demonstrated that more than 10 min of high‐frequency rENS are required to provoke consistent increases in corticospinal excitability. (Ridding et al 2000, 2001; Pyndt & Ridding, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid‐rate paired associative stimulation of the median nerve and motor cortex can produce long‐lasting changes in motor cortical excitability in humans

Quartarone

Rizzo

Bagnato

et al. 2006

The Journal of Physiology

111

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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or repetitive electrical peripheral nerve stimulation (rENS) can induce changes in the excitability of the human motor cortex (M1) that is often short-lasting and variable, and occurs only after prolonged periods of stimulation. In 10 healthy volunteers, we used a new repetitive paired associative stimulation (rPAS) protocol to facilitate and prolong the effects of rENS and rTMS on cortical excitability. Sub-motor threshold 5 Hz rENS of the right median nerve was synchronized with submotor threshold 5 Hz rTMS of the left M1 at a constant interval for 2 min. The interstimulus interval (ISI) between the peripheral stimulus and the transcranial stimulation was set at 10 ms (5 Hz rPAS 10ms ) or 25 ms (5 Hz rPAS 25ms ). TMS was given over the hot spot of the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle. Before and after rPAS, we measured the amplitude of the unconditioned motor evoked potential (MEP), intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF), short-and long-latency afferent inhibition (SAI and LAI) in the conditioned M1. The 5 Hz rPAS 25ms protocol but not the 5 Hz rPAS10 ms protocol caused a somatotopically specific increase in mean MEP amplitudes in the relaxed APB muscle. The 5 Hz rPAS 25ms protocol also led to a loss of SAI, but there was no correlation between individual changes in SAI and corticospinal excitability. These after-effects were still present 6 h after 5 Hz rPAS 25ms . There was no consistent effect on ICI, ICF and LAI. The 5 Hz rENS and 5 Hz rTMS protocols failed to induce any change in corticospinal excitability when given alone. These findings show that 2 min of 5 Hz rPAS 25ms produce a long-lasting and somatotopically specific increase in corticospinal excitability, presumably by sensorimotor disinhibition.

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Modification of the human motor cortex by associative stimulation

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Mirror Symmetric Bimanual Movement Priming Can Increase Corticomotor Excitability and Enhance Motor Learning

Mirror Symmetric Bimanual Movement Priming Can Increase Corticomotor Excitability and Enhance Motor Learning

Combination of Static Magnetic Fields and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Can Alter Focal Cortical Excitability

Rapid‐rate paired associative stimulation of the median nerve and motor cortex can produce long‐lasting changes in motor cortical excitability in humans

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