Modification of Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Assay Protocols for Detecting Recent HIV Seroconversion

Soroka, Stephen; Granade, Timothy C.; Candal, Debra; Parekh, Bharat

doi:10.1128/cdli.12.8.918-921.2005

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Third, the STARHS assay used to estimate incidence in our study may overestimate incident infections in cases of longstanding infection, 12 and has not been extensively validated for use in HIV-1 subtype C, the predominant subtype in Botswana. 13 Nonetheless, STARHS and related assays continue to be developed and validated; 14 our study demonstrates that using these types of assays is feasible and may be worthwhile in the setting of workplace prevalence surveys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

HIV in the Workplace in Botswana: Incidence, Prevalence, and Disease Severity

Riviello

Sterling²,

Shepherd³

et al. 2007

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Few detailed epidemiologic data exist regarding the impact of HIV infection on the workplace in the developing world. In addition, most HIV surveys examine only prevalence, without data on incidence or disease severity. In June 2003, we conducted a voluntary anonymous HIV serosurvey among employees of the Debswana Mining Company, the largest nongovernmental employer in Botswana. Among the 3558 participants, annual HIV incidence was estimated to be 3.4%, and HIV prevalence was 23.8%. HIV-infected participants had a median CD4(+) lymphocyte count of 427 cells/mm(3) (interquartile range 269-642), with 13.3% of samples <200 cells/mm(3). The high incidence and prevalence of HIV, and the proportion of workers with <200 CD4(+) lymphocytes/mm(3), demonstrate the impact of HIV infection in this workplace and the potential negative impact on productivity. These results highlight the need for routine HIV testing and access to antiretro-viral treatment for workers in countries such as Botswana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

HIV in the Workplace in Botswana: Incidence, Prevalence, and Disease Severity

Riviello

Sterling²,

Shepherd³

et al. 2007

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…1,2 More recently the ability of rapid tests (RT) to detect early seroconversion for measuring HIV incidence has been evaluated. 3 A handful of RT have been evaluated in children older than 12 months 4-8 but in infancy, when maternal HIV antibodies are present and seroreversion occurs, data are scarce and guidelines do not stipulate the RT to be used. [8][9][10] RT, like all HIV antibody detection assays, are expected to be positive in vertically exposed infants due to transplacental passage of maternal HIV antibodies and are unhelpful in determining the HIV infection status of infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of seven rapid HIV tests to detect HIV-exposure and seroreversion during infancy

Sherman

Driver

Coovadia

2008

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…The dissociated antibodies can then be detected by a simple two-well ELISA (Martró et al, 2005;Chawla et al, 2007). Recently, rapid HIV tests using the same principle of higher dilution have been modified to detect recent HIV-1 infections (Constantine et al, 2003;Soroka et al, 2005). Another approach that has been proposed takes advantage of the observation that, in recent HIV infection, there is an early immunoglobulin isotype IgG3 response to p24 and, as the isotype response matures after about 120 days, the major HIV-specific immunoglobulin isotype becomes IgG1 (Wilson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 BED enzyme immunoassay on dried blood spots in India

Lakshmi

Sudha

Dandona

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Dried blood spots (DBSs) on filter paper are being used increasingly in population-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. This study evaluated the application of a BED enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on DBSs to estimate HIV incidence in a population-based study in India. The Calypte HIV-1 BED Incidence EIA was performed on 224 HIV-1-positive DBS samples, after screening 12 617 individuals from a population-based sample in Guntur district in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The number of recently infected HIV cases was identified using this BED assay and was used to estimate the annual HIV incidence rate based on calculations and adjustment formulae suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The updated BED data management software provided by the CDC was used for analyses. Of the 224 HIV-1 antibody-positive DBS samples, 29 (12.95 %) were estimated by the BED HIV-1 assay to have been infected within the past 155 days. After adjusting for age, gender and rural/ urban distribution of the population, the annual incidence rate of HIV-1 infection was estimated to be 0.32 % (95 % confidence interval 0.20-0.44 %). This annual incidence was 18.6 % of the HIV prevalence of 1.72 % in this study. Thus, the BED assay revealed a higher incidence of HIV in this study than was expected from the prevalence. Correlation of the BED assay with panel testing and longitudinal incidence data in the Indian population is needed to calibrate it for use in India. INTRODUCTIONIndia is now estimated to have about 2.5 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection NACO, 2007; UNAIDS, 2007). HIV surveillance has mostly been limited to monitoring prevalence, as no direct measures of incidence have been available until recently (Wolday et al., 2007). To understand the recent changes in the HIV epidemic, it is necessary to estimate the number of new infections, as changes in HIV prevalence may not reflect trends in incidence (Karita et al., 2007). Laboratory methods for detecting recent HIV infections can enhance public health surveillance and prevention efforts. The data generated on HIV incidence would be relevant in depicting the current dynamics and trends of the epidemic, and will have significant implications, including evaluation of prevention efforts and informed allocation of resources for HIV prevention programmes.Several methods of incidence estimation, including longitudinal studies, back calculation, p24 antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and viral RNA testing have been utilized in the past; however, these methods are tedious to perform, costly or problematic (Rutherford et al., 2000). Increasing interest in estimating the incidence of HIV-1 infection has led to the development of a sensitive/lesssensitive serological strategy using a high dilution (1 : 20 000) of HIV-1-positive serum, called the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS), in 1998(Janssen et al., 1998 Although these assays work reasonably well with samples from HIV-1 subtype...

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Modification of Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody Assay Protocols for Detecting Recent HIV Seroconversion

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

HIV in the Workplace in Botswana: Incidence, Prevalence, and Disease Severity

HIV in the Workplace in Botswana: Incidence, Prevalence, and Disease Severity

Evaluation of seven rapid HIV tests to detect HIV-exposure and seroreversion during infancy

Application of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 BED enzyme immunoassay on dried blood spots in India

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