Modest but Increased Penetration through Damaged Skin: An Overview of the in vivo Human Model

Gattu, Shilpa; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1159/000314995

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Using acetone-disrupted hairless mouse skin as a model membrane, the authors showed that both hydrophilic and amphipathic compounds, including sucrose, caffeine and hydrocortisone, had increased permeability in vitro. These findings coincide with the conventional understanding that hydrophilic molecules have the greatest enhancement of penetration under conditions of physical or chemical insult (84).…”

Section: Skin Health and Integritysupporting

confidence: 88%

Biology of percutaneous penetration

Blickenstaff¹,

Coman²,

Blattner

et al. 2014

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Section: Skin Health and Integritysupporting

confidence: 88%

Biology of percutaneous penetration

Blickenstaff¹,

Coman²,

Blattner

et al. 2014

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…Physicochemical properties are important determinants of stripping effects. Gattu and Maibach () review studies comparing such properties and resulting absorption rates.…”

Section: Mechnical Damage: Tape Stripping Abrasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Chiang¹,

Tudela²,

Maibach³

2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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The stratum corneum's (SC) functions include protection from external hazardous environments, prevention of water loss and regulation of body temperature. While intact skin absorption studies are abundant, studies on compromised skin permeability are less common, although products are often used to treat affected skin. We reviewed literature on percutaneous absorption through abnormal skin models. Tape stripping is used to disrupt water barrier function. Studies demonstrated that physicochemical properties influence the stripping effect: water-soluble drugs are more affected. Abrasion did not affect absorption as much. Freezing is commonly used to preserve skin. It does not seem to modify water absorption, but still increases the penetration of compounds. Comparatively, heating the skin consistently increased percutaneous absorption. Removing SC lipids may increase percutaneous absorption of drugs. Many organic solvents are employed to delipidize. Delipidization with chloroform-methanol increased hydrophilic compound permeability, but not lipophilic. Acetone pre-treatment enhanced hydrophilic compound penetration. More data is needed to determine influence on highly lipophilic compound penetration. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) induces irritant dermatitis and is frequently used as a model. Studies revealed that SLS increases hydrophilic compound absorption, but not lipophilic. However, skin irritation with other chemicals increases lipophilic penetration as much as hydrophilic. Animal studies show that UV exposure increases percutaneous absorption whereas human studies do not. Human studies show increased penetration in psoriatic and atopic dermatitis skin. The data summarized here begin to characterize flux alteration associated with damaged skin. Understanding the degree of alteration requires interpretation of involved conditions and the enlarging of our database to a more complete physicochemical spectrum.

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“…In this regard, it has been acknowledged that MD is not a technique where mass balance can be obtained [34] . Although the in vitro recovery of CP by IL as a perfusate was exceptionally high, the same recovery is not obtained in vivo -in which case a 'wash-out' phenomenon would have had to be expected.…”

Section: In Vivo MD Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Dermal Microdialysis for the Determination of Bioavailability of Clobetasol Propionate Applied to the Skin of Human Subjects

Au¹,

Skinner

Benfeldt

et al. 2011

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Dermal microdialysis was used to assess the bioavailability of a topical corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate, following application onto the skin of human subjects. The penetration of clobetasol propionate from a 4% m/v ethanolic solution applied onto 4 sites on one forearm of healthy human volunteers was studied. A lipid emulsion, Intralipid®, was used as the perfusate and linear microdialysis probes with a 2-kDa cutoff were inserted intradermally at the designated sites. The results indicated that Intralipid could be used as a suitable perfusate for in vivo microdialysis of this lipophilic drug of interest. Furthermore, the study clearly demonstrated the application of dermal microdialysis as a valuable tool to assess the bioavailability/bioequivalence of clobetasol propionate penetration into the skin following topical application.

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Modest but Increased Penetration through Damaged Skin: An Overview of the in vivo Human Model

Cited by 42 publications

References 79 publications

Biology of percutaneous penetration

Biology of percutaneous penetration

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Application of Dermal Microdialysis for the Determination of Bioavailability of Clobetasol Propionate Applied to the Skin of Human Subjects

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