Modern aspects of the relationship between the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and clinical and laboratory indices of the bodyʼs homeostasis in brain injuries

Abstract

A review of the literature is devoted to the analysis of the role of the autonomic nervous system as the main regulator of the body's homeostasis in heterotopic (anoxia, craniocerebral trauma, cerebral circulation disorder) brain damage. First of all, clinical, pathophysiological definitions and methods of pharmacological correction of manifestations of sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity (paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity - PSH, paroxysmal parasympathetic hyperactivity - PPH) are considered first. An important aspect of the review is the evaluation of publications devoted to the prevention and therapy of systemic inflammatory response and secondary neuroinflammation based on functional adaptive responses of the autonomic nervous system. The mechanisms of the so- called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to systemic and local inflammatory reactions are discussed. The aspects of the influence of the norm and pathology of the autonomic nervous system on the metabolism and energy balance of the organism are described in detail. The prospects of normalizing the nutritional status through therapeutic effects on the structures of the autonomic nervous system located in the hypothalamic zones of the brain, changes in the regulatory influences of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, the innervating liver, intestine, and pancreas are estimated. The interactions of peripheral structures of the autonomic nervous system and microbiota are considered separately. The relationship is shown in detail and possible mechanisms of the functional status of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system in muscular dystonia, respiratory insufficiency and veining are discussed from the point of view of evaluation and correction of the most important constant of autonomic instability in the form of peripheral chemoreceptor insufficiency.

Interactions of productivity, content of separate amino acids, general protein in blood serum of chickens and tone of the autonomic nervous system

“…Research on other species of animals and humans revealed a direct and indirect effect of the parasympathetic system, and especially the centers in the brain on feelings of hunger and, consequently, the amount of food or food consumed (Grechko et al, 2018). Similar data on the meta-bolism of total protein and amino acids in animals were obtained in experiments on pigs (Trokoz et al, 2013), where the predominance of strong types of HNA determined a higher level of protein in the serum of pigs.…”

“…This indicates that the effect of increased tone of the parasympathetic division of the ANS, possibly through the humoral system (Shaikhelislamova et al, 2008) accelerates the catabolism of proteins and their use for the body. It was found that the influence of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system promotes the accumulation and absorption of nutrients from the intestine (Shields, 1993;Grechko et al, 2018), which is accompanied by a higher content of amino acsids in the serum of chickens compared to normotonics.…”

“…The use of neuropeptides Y and AgRP has been shown to stimulate the nutrient-sensitive zone of the hypothalamus with activation of the parasympathetic link of the ANS, which in turn caused hyperphagia and weight gain (Grechko et al, 2018).…”