Background: The aboveground biomass (AGB) of shrubs and small trees is the main component for the productivity and carbon storage of understory vegetation in subtropical natural secondary forests. However, few allometric models exist for shrubs and small trees, even though they can accurately evaluate understory vegetative biomass. Methods: To estimate the ABG of six common shrub and small tree species, we utilized harvesting to sample 206 individuals, and developed species-specific and multi-species allometric models based on four predictors including height (H), stem diameter (D), crown area (Ca), and wood density (ρ). Results: As expected, these six shrub and small tree species possessed greater biomass in their stems in contrast to branches, with the lowest biomass in the leaves. Species-specific allometric models that employed D and the combined variables of D2H and ρDH as predictors, could accurately estimate the components and total AGB, with R2 values ranging from between 0.602 and 0.971. A multi-species shrub allometric model revealed that ρDH was the best predictor, with R2 values ranging from between 0.809 and 0.890. Conclusions: These results indicated that H and D were effective predictors for the models to estimate the AGB of the six shrub and small tree species, and the introduction of ρ improved their accuracy. The optimal model selected in this study could be applied to estimate the biomass of shrubs and small trees in the subtropical regions.