Modelling the Gingival Pocket by Enrichment of Subgingival Microflora in Human Serum in Chemostats

Steeg, P.F. ter; Hoeven, J.S. van der; Jong, M.H. de; Munster, P. J. J. Van; Jansen, M.

doi:10.3109/08910608809140185

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The collective evidence from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that the persistence and diversity of the resident oral microflora are due to the endogenous nutrients provided by the host (Littleton et al, 1967;van der Hoeven, 1982a,b, 1984;Beighton and Hay day, 1986). In particular, salivary mucins (glycoproteins) act as the main source of carbohydrates for plaque bacteria, and the degradation of the oligosaccharide side-chains depends on the concerted action of consortia of different species, each with complementary profiles of glycosidase activity ter Steeg et al, 1988;van der Hoeven and Camp, 1991;. Furthermore, the growth of some species can be dependent on the provision of nutrients by other oral bacteria.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, black-pigmented anaerobes require hemin for growth, and they probably obtain this key cofactor by degrading heme-containing host molecules (hemoglobin, hemopexin, haptoglobin) present in GCF, the flow of which is increased during inflammation. The detection and levels of periodontal pathogens were enhanced when enrichment cultures of subgingival plaque were carried out on human serum, which was used to simulate growth on GCF (ter Steeg et al, 1987Steeg et al, , 1988. There are also (contradictory) data implying that the rise in subgingival levels of Prevotella intermedia seen sometimes during pregnancy is due to the metabolism of the hormones estradiol and progesterone (Kornman, 1982), which can be detected in GCF, while increases in Prevotella spp.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar shift in pH dramatically altered the balance of a community of three black-pigmented anaerobes, with the proportions of P. gingivalis increasing from < 1% at pH 7.0 to > 99% of the cultivable microflora at pH 7.5 (McDermid et al, 1990). Similarly, growth of subgingival plaque on human serum (used as a substrate to mimic GCF) resulted in the enrichment of periodontal pathogens (ter Steeg et al, 1987(ter Steeg et al, , 1988. GCF and serum would provide peptides and heme-containing molecules which are essential for the growth of many periodontopathogens.…”

Section: Alteration Of Subgingival Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Approaches to the Control of Oral Biofilms

1997

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Evidence that physiological strategies may be potential routes for oral biofilm control has come from (i) observations of the variations in the intra-oral distribution of members of the resident oral microflora, (ii) changes in plaque composition in health and disease, and (iii) data from laboratory model systems. Key physiological factors that were identified as significant in modulating the microflora included the local pH, redox potential (Eh), and nutrient availability. Increases in mutans streptococci and lactobacilli occur at sites with caries; growth of these species is selectively enhanced at low pH. In contrast, periodontal diseases are associated with plaque accumulation, followed by an inflammatory host response. The increases in Gram-negative, proteolytic, and obligately anaerobic bacteria reflect a low redox potential and a change in nutrient status due to the increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Consequently, physiological strategies for oral biofilm control should focus on reducing the frequency of low pH in plaque by (i) inhibiting acid production, (ii) using sugar substitutes, and (iii) promoting alkali generation from arginine or urea supplements. Similarly, strategies to make the pocket environment less favorable to periodontopathogens include (i) anti-inflammatory agents to reduce the flow of (and hence nutrient supply by) GCF, (ii) bacterial protease inhibitors, and (iii) redox agents to raise the Ehh locally. Most laboratory and clinical findings support the concept of physiological control. However, some data suggest that the ordered structure and metabolically interactive organization of mature dental plaque could generate a community with a high level of homeostasis that is relatively resistant to deliberate external manipulation.

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Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alteration Of Subgingival Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Approaches to the Control of Oral Biofilms

1997

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“…Furthermore, virulence factors such as hyaluronidase have been identified in this species.23 It may be of interest, that in the continuous culture enrichments in human serum, an inverse relation seemed to exist between P . micros and T, denticola, 20 suggesting that the substrates of their niches may show some overlapping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Periodontal Microflora on Human Serum

Steeg

Hoeven

1989

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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This study was undertaken to identify the ecological niches of members of subgingival microflora. The succession of species during enrichment batch growth of subgingival plaque organisms in serum was monitored. Three phases could be distinguished during growth, firstly carbohydrate consumption by rapidly growing saccharolytic bacteria such as Eubacterium saburreum or Bijidobacterium adolescentis and Streptococcus spp. leading to lactic and formic acid production. Secondly a later phase in which protein was hydrolysed, some amino acid fermentation took place, remaining carbohydrates were used and lactate and formate were consumed; growth was dominated by Bacteroides intermedius or Bacteroides oralis, Veillonella parvula, Eubacterium spp. and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and a final phase characterised by progressive protein degradation and extensive amino acid fermentation by the predominant species, Peptostreptococcus micros and Eubacterium brachy. Toxic products such as sulphide, ammonia, butyric acid and other fatty acids accumulated.

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“…Furthermore, continuous cultures, in contrast to batch cultures, offer the possibility to study mixed populations of microorganisms. Accordingly, mixed continuous cultures have been used as a model for oral microfloras (4,19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of propicillin on mixed continuous cultures of periodontal bacteria

Hoeven

Kieboom

1991

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Experiments were designed to test the antibiotic (1-phenoxypropyl)penicillin (propicillin) against a complex microflora of periodontal bacteria. This was accomplished by using a continuously growing mixed culture that was obtained by enrichment of periodontal plaque in human serum. Peptostreptococcus species, Prevotella intermedia, Lactobacillus catenaforme, and Streptococcus species were dominant members of the enrichment culture. None of the strains isolated from the enrichment culture exhibited detectable ,-lactamase activity. MICs of propicillin for the organisms ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 mg/liter. Propicillin was added to the cultures in single doses that were repeated once or twice at 24-h intervals, that is, after 2.4 volume changes of the culture vessel. Analyses done 24 h after the last addition of propicillin revealed that total cell counts of the culture were hardly affected by 1 mg of propicillin per liter, although some changes in the microbial composition occurred. The relative insusceptibility of the culture might be explained by the low growth rate. Higher concentrations (5, 10, and 50 mg/liter) of the antibiotic caused 10-to 20-fold drops in total cell counts. In these cultures P. intermnedia was selectively suppressed to below the detection level, whereas other organisms that were equally susceptible to propicillin were less affected. It was concluded that mixed continuous cultures are a useful tool for studying the effects of antibiotics against the periodontal microbiota.

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Modelling the Gingival Pocket by Enrichment of Subgingival Microflora in Human Serum in Chemostats

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Physiological Approaches to the Control of Oral Biofilms

Physiological Approaches to the Control of Oral Biofilms

Development of Periodontal Microflora on Human Serum

Effects of propicillin on mixed continuous cultures of periodontal bacteria

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