Modelling gene-environment interaction in first episodes of psychosis

Bernardo, Miquel; Bioque, Miquel; Cabrera, Bibiana; Lobò, Antonio; González‐Pinto, Ana; Pina, L.; Corripio, Iluminada; Sanjuán, Julio; Mané, Anna; Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina; Vieta, Eduard; Arango, Celso; Mezquida, Gisela; Gassó, Patricia; Parellada, Mara; Sáiz-Ruiz, Jerónimo; Cuesta, Manuel J.; Mas, Sergi

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.058

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Consistent with a gene–environment interaction model, trauma history appears to contribute to psychosis in adulthood somewhat independent of genetics (109). A recent gene–environment interaction study supports the idea that genes associated with schizophrenia lead to changes in not only dopamine but also serotonin signaling pathways in the brain, thus suggesting an “affective pathway” to psychosis (110). Below, we address models that have been referenced in previous works to explain the potential interplay between trauma, stress, and psychosis.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Trauma and Stress In The Chr Populationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Evidence suggests that psychosocial stress activates the HPA axis and, in turn, the dopamine and serotonin systems, where exaggerated effects have been observed in individuals who experienced childhood adversity (110, 128). Neuroimaging studies (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging; functional magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; diffusion tensor imaging; multimodal) have revealed that in those CHR individuals who converted to psychosis, functional changes in striatal dopamine synthesis and release were observed (129–131).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Trauma and Stress In The Chr Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Trauma and Stressful Life Events among Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Review

et al. 2017

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The experience of childhood trauma (CT) and stressful life events (SLEs) is associated with subsequent development of a variety of mental health conditions, including psychotic illness. Recent research identifying adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis allows for prospective evaluation of the impact of trauma and adverse life events on psychosis onset and other outcomes, addressing etiological questions that cannot be answered in studies of fully psychotic or non-clinical populations. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current emerging literature on trauma and adverse life events in the CHR population. Up to 80% of CHR youth endorse a lifetime history of childhood traumatic events and victimization (e.g., bullying). Several studies have shown that the experience of CT predicts psychosis onset among CHR individuals, while the literature on the influence of recent SLEs (e.g., death of a loved one) remains inconclusive. Multiple models have been proposed to explain the link between trauma and psychosis, including the stress-vulnerability and stress-sensitivity hypotheses, with emphases on both cognitive processes and neurobiological mechanisms (e.g., the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis). Despite the preponderance of CHR individuals who endorse either CT or SLEs, no clinical trials have been conducted evaluating interventions for trauma in CHR youth to date. Furthermore, the current process of formal identification and assessment of trauma, SLEs, and their impact on CHR youth is inconsistent in research and clinical practice. Recommendations for improving trauma assessment, treatment, and future research directions in the CHR field are provided.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Trauma and Stress In The Chr Populationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Mechanisms Of Trauma and Stress In The Chr Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Trauma and Stressful Life Events among Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Review

et al. 2017

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“…Genetic disposition and environmental exposure play important roles in the development of several mental illnesses, but there is increasing evidence to show that the CR may be a resilience factor in at least some psychiatric disorders . The evidence suggests that higher CR is associated with a later onset of psychosis and a greater illness insight, which would lead to improved treatment adherence and translate into a better recovery .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve as an outcome predictor: first‐episode affective versus non‐affective psychosis

Amoretti

Cabrera

Torrent

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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CR plays a differential role in the outcome of psychoses according to the diagnosis. Specifically, in order to address the needs of non-affective patients with low CR, cognitive rehabilitation treatments will need to be 'enriched' by adding pro-cognitive pharmacological agents or using more sophisticated approaches. However, a functional remediation therapy may be of choice for those with an affective psychosis and low CR.

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“…The importance of certain environmental factors and insults are also well established as risk factors for schizophrenia [21,22]. The impact of these factors is difficult to anticipate with a genomic analysis, but they are reflected in the molecular phenotype.…”

Section: The Need For Biomarkers In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating biomarkers in schizophrenia: a proteomics perspective

Santa¹,

Coelho²,

Madeira³

et al. 2017

IJCNMH

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most severe and devastating major mental disorders, with an onset typically in late adolescence or early adulthood affecting about 0.5-1.2% of the population worldwide. It is one of the most debilitating medical conditions, with striking socio-economic burden to society due to lost employment and social support that largely surpass direct costs of treatment. SCZ is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) among the top 20 leading causes of disability worldwide. Its diagnosis is syndromic, based in clinical interviewing and anamnesis, as there is to date no biochemical test to aid in this diagnosis. On the other hand, SCZ treatment is mostly based in antipsychotic drugs which are in several aspects somehow ineffective, and some of these medications have low tolerability with severe side effects. For all these reasons, the current search for new panels of biomarkers is of the utmost importance to aid in the correct diagnosis and stratification of the patients, prognosis, and prediction of treatment effectiveness.In this review, a total of 25 publications on peripheral SCZ biomarkers are presented from proteomics studies performed in body fluids of patients searching for protein markers, and using mass spectrometry. To date such proteomics studies have already been achieved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, plasma, peripheral blood cells (namely, mononuclear cells, T-cells and red blood cells), saliva, and sweat, being of paramount importance in the schizophrenia research field, but still lacking validation and clinical translation.In summary, a general overview of the results from these 25 studies, as well as the challenges and future perspectives of the field, are presented and discussed.

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Modelling gene-environment interaction in first episodes of psychosis

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

The Role of Trauma and Stressful Life Events among Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Review

The Role of Trauma and Stressful Life Events among Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Review

Cognitive reserve as an outcome predictor: first‐episode affective versus non‐affective psychosis

Circulating biomarkers in schizophrenia: a proteomics perspective

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